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汉语“上/下”时间概念系统存在一种隐喻模式,该模式包含四种时间系统结构。通过对“上/下”的词典语义、词组以及真实语料进行统计分析,得出:从古到今,“上”的时间隐喻语义在该词语义结构中的地位有下降的趋势,而“下”的时间隐喻语义的地位变化不大。“上/下”四种时间结构的构词能力由强到弱依次排列为:射线型、分段型、点状型以及线段型。与古代汉语相比,现代汉语中“上”的线段型时间结构的使用频率增幅较大,“下”的点状型时间结构的使用频率也有很大的增加,并且“上”和“下”的各种时间系统结构的使用比例不对称。
There is a metaphorical model for the conceptual system of Chinese “上 / 下” time, which contains four kinds of temporal system structures. Through the statistical analysis of dictionary semantics, phrases and real corpora of “Shang / Xia ”, it is concluded that the metaphorical semantics of time metaphor has a declining trend in the semantic structure of the word since ancient times , While the status metaphor semantics of “Xia ” has little change. “Up / Down ” four kinds of time structure of the word ability from strong to weak are arranged in order: ray type, segment type, point type and line segment type. Compared with ancient Chinese, the use frequency of the line-segment time structure of “Shang ” increased greatly in modern Chinese, and the frequency of use of the punctuated time structure of “Shang ” also increased greatly. “And ” under "the proportion of the use of time structure is asymmetric.