论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨在运动训练中的慢速减体重、赛前快速降体重和赛前体能恢复期间实施营养学干预对运动员减重后运动能力的影响。方法:12名女子举重运动员随机分成实验组和对照组,每组6人。实验组和对照组运动员进行统一的运动训练并采用等同能量的饮食。实验组减重期间服用减重棒、维生素和电解质等运动营养食品,在减重后的恢复期服用快速能量补充制剂和维生素电解质强化运动营养补充;对照组服用相应的安慰剂。分别在减重前后对两组对象进行有氧能力和无氧能力测试。运动员在减重实验前与实验期间填写饥饿度自评表。结果:实验组运动员体重从实验前的67.4±14.2kg下降到快速减重后的64.6±14.1kg,对照组从67.4±15.5kg下降到64.3±15.4kg。实验组在快速减重后的恢复阶段,6分钟乳酸稳态实验后即刻血乳酸浓度、心率以及主观疲劳评分显著低于对照组。两组在慢减期后、快减期后和恢复阶段,30秒Wingate测试单位体重的最大功率、平均功率和最小功率均无显著性差异,但实验组在快速恢复第1天和第3天单位体重的最大功率显著高于实验前。结论:科学地减少饮食热量摄入能够按照既定的目标减轻体重;快速能量补充制剂和维生素、电解质的复合补充制剂能够明显促进运动员减体重后身体快速恢复,保持无氧能力和有氧能力;以魔芋为主要成分的减重棒能明显减轻减体重期间的饥饿感。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nutritional intervention on weight loss of athletes after slow weight loss, pre-competition weight reduction and pre-competition physical fitness during exercise training. Methods: Twelve female weightlifters were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 6 in each group. The experimental group and the control group athletes conducted uniform exercise training and adopted the same energy diet. During the weight reduction period, the experimental group took sports nutrition foods such as weight loss sticks, vitamins and electrolytes, and took fast energy supplement and vitamin E supplementation to exercise nutrition supplement in the recovery period after losing weight. The control group took the corresponding placebo. Before and after weight loss, two groups of subjects were tested for aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity respectively. Athletes fill in the self-rating table of hunger degree before and during the weight loss experiment. Results: The body weight of experimental group decreased from 67.4 ± 14.2kg before the experiment to 64.6 ± 14.1kg after rapid weight loss, while the control group decreased from 67.4 ± 15.5kg to 64.3 ± 15.4kg. In the experimental group after recovery from rapid weight loss, the blood lactic acid concentration, heart rate and subjective fatigue score immediately after the 6-lactic acid steady-state test were significantly lower than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in maximum power, average power and minimum power of Wingate test unit weight in 30 seconds after slowdown period, fast reduction period and recovery period, but in the fast recovery day 1 and day 3 The maximum power per unit body weight was significantly higher than before the experiment. Conclusion: Scientifically reducing dietary caloric intake can reduce body weight according to the established goal. The rapid supplement of vitamins and electrolytes can promote the rapid recovery of body weight and maintain anaerobic capacity and aerobic capacity after weight reduction. Konjac as a major component of the weight-loss bar can significantly reduce the weight loss during hunger.