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目的了解某大学教学医院新建分院医院感染的特点和相关因素,探讨新建医院有效预防和控制医院感染的措施。方法对2012年4月-2014年6月598例医院感染病例进行分析,统计医院感染发生率、感染部位、病原菌监测、抗菌药物使用及相关因素等指标。结果 2012年4月-2014年6月共出院44 085例次,医院感染598例次,例次感染率为1.36%。医院感染发生率较高的科室分别为重症医学科(9.79%)、骨科(2.98%)、老年科(2.62%)和血液内科(1.64%);感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,占45.32%,其次为泌尿道(13.21%)、切口(8.86%)和血液(8.86%)感染。598例感染病例中有570例送检,送检率为95.32%;病原菌以鲍曼不动杆菌(17.02%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.21%)、大肠埃希菌(13.68%)、铜绿假单胞菌(11.93%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(9.12%)最为常见;感染病例的相关高危因素中,泌尿道插管居首位,占42.81%;其次为入住重症医学科和使用免疫抑制剂及激素,分别占28.60%和26.42%。结论全面性综合监测不仅能帮助医院掌握医院感染散发病例中的高危科室、高危因素及高危人群等,而且为进一步预防和控制医院感染提供了合理有效的理论依据。
Objective To understand the characteristics and related factors of newly-built hospital infection in a teaching hospital in a university and to explore the measures to effectively prevent and control nosocomial infections in a new hospital. Methods From April 2012 to June 2014, 598 cases of nosocomial infections were analyzed, and the incidence of nosocomial infections, the location of infection, the surveillance of pathogens, the use of antimicrobial agents and related factors were calculated. Results From April 2012 to June 2014, 44 085 cases were hospitalized and 598 cases were hospitalized. The rate of infection was 1.36%. The departments with higher incidence of nosocomial infection were severe medical department (9.79%), orthopedics department (2.98%), geriatrics department (2.62%) and hematology department (1.64%) respectively. The main respiratory infections were 45.32% Followed by urinary tract (13.21%), incision (8.86%) and blood (8.86%) infection. Among 598 infected cases, 570 cases were tested and the detection rate was 95.32%. Acinetobacter baumannii (17.02%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.21%), Escherichia coli (13.68%), Pseudomonas (11.93%) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.12%) were the most common. Among the high risk factors of infection, urinary catheter was the highest, accounting for 42.81%; followed by admission to intensive care and immunosuppression Agents and hormones accounted for 28.60% and 26.42% respectively. Conclusion Comprehensive comprehensive monitoring can not only help hospitals master the high risk departments, high risk factors and high risk groups in cases of nosocomial infection, but also provide a reasonable and effective theoretical basis for further prevention and control of nosocomial infections.