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十二、液动冲击器有哪些类型？答：当前国内外研制出的液动冲击器型号较多，按其作用原理可分为“正作用”、“反作用”和“双作用”三种类型。十三、“正作用”类型的液动冲击器是怎样实行冲击作用的？答：凡是以高压液流推动活塞下行进行冲击，而借用弹簧力量使其活塞恢复到原来位置的冲击器结构，称为“正作用”类型的液动冲击器。其结构原理如图1所示。在钻杆下端连接的冲击器外管（1）中，装有活塞冲锤（5），它悬座在冲锤弹簧（6）上，迫使活塞的顶端始终与活阀（4）相接触，以封闭活塞冲锤的中间水道。活阀（4）支撑在弹簧（3）上，并能在
Twelve, what type of hydraulic impact device? A: There are many types of hydraulic impactor developed at home and abroad. According to its principle of action, it can be divided into three types: “positive action”, “reaction” and “double action”. 13. How does a “positive action” type hydraulic impactor perform impact action? A: Any impactor structure that uses a high-pressure liquid flow to push the piston down and strikes the piston back to its original position by means of spring force is called a “positive action” type hydraulic impactor. Its structural principle is shown in Figure 1. In the outer pipe (1) of the impactor connected to the lower end of the drill pipe, a piston hammer (5) is mounted, which is suspended on the hammer spring (6), forcing the top of the piston to always come in contact with the valve (4). An intermediate channel with a closed piston rammer. The valve (4) is supported on the spring (3) and can be