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目的分析北京市顺义区俸伯小学水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及发生原因,为完善学校水痘防控策略提供科学依据。方法对2009年北京市顺义区俸伯小学水痘暴发疫情的临床诊断病例进行流行病学个案调查,分析流行病学特征,同时查询水痘预防接种记录,分析暴发的危险因素,计算疫苗保护率。结果自2009年3月10日—6月12日共出现28例水痘病例,罹患率达3.84%;5月7—12日的1周内集中出现了13例,达到发病高峰;730名学生中,94.25%(688/730)在暴发前无水痘患病史,64.93%(474/730)有水痘疫苗接种史。结论低接种率、免疫时间较长和缺乏及时的报告隔离制度,是此次水痘暴发的主要危险因素。提高学生水痘接种率,改善水痘监测系统,对预防水痘暴发具有重要意义。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of chickenpox outbreak in Fengbai Primary School, Shunyi District, Beijing, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox in school. Methods A case-by-case survey of the clinical diagnosis of varicella outbreak in Fengbai Primary School, Shunyi District, Beijing in 2009 was carried out. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. At the same time, the records of vaccination against chicken pox were obtained. The risk factors of outbreak were analyzed and the vaccine protection rate was calculated. Results A total of 28 cases of chickenpox were found from March 10 to June 12, 2009, with an attack rate of 3.84%. Thirteen cases were concentrated in 1 week from May 7 to 12 and reached the peak of incidence. Among 730 students , 94.25% (688/730) had no history of chickenpox before the outbreak, and 64.93% (474/730) had history of chickenpox vaccination. Conclusions Low vaccination rates, prolonged immunization and lack of timely reporting and isolation systems are the major risk factors for the outbreak of chickenpox. To improve students’ vaccination rate of chickenpox and to improve the chickenpox surveillance system are of great significance in preventing chickenpox outbreaks.