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语篇填空旨在阅读理解的基础上,考查考生对语法和语言知识的掌握情况;从句子结构、语法形式、词汇的本义和转义、词汇前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力;主要考查动词时态、语态,非谓语动词形式,词性转换和比较级等(通过提示词功能变换题型);还考查冠词、代词、介词、连词、情态动词和固定搭配等(通过纯空格逻辑分析题型)。自从2015年以来,两种题型的比例均为7:3。而其中,让学生更为困惑的是第二种题型——纯空格逻辑分析题型。学生面对这种题型时,因为没有任何提示词,所以感觉无从下手。我们可以先观察观察近几年的高考题中出现的这种题型(黑体的部分即为纯空格逻辑分析题型)。
2015年:A few hours 62 before /earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 63 (it)
choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 which/that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).Instead,I‘d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away 66 by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
2016年:But my connection with pandas goes back 64 to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
The nursery team switches him every few 69_(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,70 the other is with mum-she never suspects.
2017年:There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease–the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
As 65 a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,70 which is not good for the health.
面对纯空格逻辑分析题型时,有的空格处在学生阅读文章时根据上下文语意或固定搭配就能顺带写上答案,如2015年62题、66题,2016年的64题、70题,2017年的65题。但是还有部分纯空格逻辑分析题型是需要缜密的分析的,如2015年64题,2016年的65题,2017年的61题、70题。
通过对近三年(2015-2017)语篇填空中的纯空格逻辑分析题型的观察,我们可以总结出:这些空格主要是考查虚词的,主要包括冠词、介词、代词和连词。因此在面对需要缜密分析的纯空格逻辑分析题型时,学生可以尝试用“词性排除”法。即按照冠词、介词、代词和连词的顺序逐一代入,根据这四种词性的特点排除。
我们以2015年64题为例,练习一下这种方法。I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.第一步先判断是否该使用冠词(a、an、the),根据冠词之后多用名词,(the除了与名词搭配,还可以与形容词的原级(表示一类),比较级(表示越来越),最高级搭配),发现空格之后是are pictured,所以排除冠词。第二步判断是否该使用介词,介词之后多用名词、代词、动名词。空格后的内容不符合,所以排除介词。第三步判断是否使用代词,代词前后不能直接与名词或代词连用(除非中间省略that),而空格前面是名词the Li River,所以排除代词。最后第四步,只剩下连词的可能性了。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种,如果选用并列连词,则推断出空格处的连词连接的是谓语are pictured,也就是说are pictured与前面的句子公用一個主语(I)。很明显,I与are pictured搭配时,主谓语不一致,而且语意也不通畅,所以排除并列连词。只可能是从属连词(即引导词或关系词)。如果判断是从属连词时,先考虑从句的类型。空格前是the Li River,为名词,名词之后多为定语从句(个别情况下时同位语从句),所以推测该空格处是定语从句关系词。空格后面是are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings,可以看出从句缺少主语,而且先行词the Li River是表示物的名词,所以选用关系代词that或which。
以上的方法步骤在2016年65题和2017年70题中的应用也是类似的,只是2017年70题难度更大一点。Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 有学生会错填代词it。这里如何去排除代词呢?我们可以看到空格前面的系表结构 is possible,而空格后还有个系表结构is not good,根据“一山不容二虎”原则(一个句子,无论主句还是从句,只有一个谓语或系表结构),两个系表结构说明是两个句子,两个句子之间要用连词连接,所以代词不符合,只能选用连词。
除此之外,在2017年的语篇填空中,难度系数较大的是61题,我们再以此题为例讲解一下解题步骤。This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease–the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.第一步判断是否该填写冠词,空格后是a method,所以排除冠词。第二步判断是否该填写介词,空格之后是名词短语a method,所以完全可能用介词。怎么去选择合适的介词呢?可以借用空格前的动词词组搭配来选,也可以根据和空格后面的名词搭配来选择,但是这个题目中似乎都没有线索,只能根据句意来选择了。根据句意翻译为“作为”,所以填写as。虽然难度大点,但是缜密的分析之后还是可以发现蛛丝马迹的。
以上是针对近三年英语高考题语篇填空中的纯空格逻辑分析题型的解题策略,通过运用“冠词——介词——代词——连词”的分析方法可以增加学生对该类题型的把握程度,提高该题型的正答率。
2015年:A few hours 62 before /earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 63 (it)
choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 which/that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).Instead,I‘d head straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away 66 by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
2016年:But my connection with pandas goes back 64 to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
The nursery team switches him every few 69_(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,70 the other is with mum-she never suspects.
2017年:There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend,which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease–the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
As 65 a result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,70 which is not good for the health.
面对纯空格逻辑分析题型时,有的空格处在学生阅读文章时根据上下文语意或固定搭配就能顺带写上答案,如2015年62题、66题,2016年的64题、70题,2017年的65题。但是还有部分纯空格逻辑分析题型是需要缜密的分析的,如2015年64题,2016年的65题,2017年的61题、70题。
通过对近三年(2015-2017)语篇填空中的纯空格逻辑分析题型的观察,我们可以总结出:这些空格主要是考查虚词的,主要包括冠词、介词、代词和连词。因此在面对需要缜密分析的纯空格逻辑分析题型时,学生可以尝试用“词性排除”法。即按照冠词、介词、代词和连词的顺序逐一代入,根据这四种词性的特点排除。
我们以2015年64题为例,练习一下这种方法。I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.第一步先判断是否该使用冠词(a、an、the),根据冠词之后多用名词,(the除了与名词搭配,还可以与形容词的原级(表示一类),比较级(表示越来越),最高级搭配),发现空格之后是are pictured,所以排除冠词。第二步判断是否该使用介词,介词之后多用名词、代词、动名词。空格后的内容不符合,所以排除介词。第三步判断是否使用代词,代词前后不能直接与名词或代词连用(除非中间省略that),而空格前面是名词the Li River,所以排除代词。最后第四步,只剩下连词的可能性了。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种,如果选用并列连词,则推断出空格处的连词连接的是谓语are pictured,也就是说are pictured与前面的句子公用一個主语(I)。很明显,I与are pictured搭配时,主谓语不一致,而且语意也不通畅,所以排除并列连词。只可能是从属连词(即引导词或关系词)。如果判断是从属连词时,先考虑从句的类型。空格前是the Li River,为名词,名词之后多为定语从句(个别情况下时同位语从句),所以推测该空格处是定语从句关系词。空格后面是are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings,可以看出从句缺少主语,而且先行词the Li River是表示物的名词,所以选用关系代词that或which。
以上的方法步骤在2016年65题和2017年70题中的应用也是类似的,只是2017年70题难度更大一点。Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 有学生会错填代词it。这里如何去排除代词呢?我们可以看到空格前面的系表结构 is possible,而空格后还有个系表结构is not good,根据“一山不容二虎”原则(一个句子,无论主句还是从句,只有一个谓语或系表结构),两个系表结构说明是两个句子,两个句子之间要用连词连接,所以代词不符合,只能选用连词。
除此之外,在2017年的语篇填空中,难度系数较大的是61题,我们再以此题为例讲解一下解题步骤。This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease–the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.第一步判断是否该填写冠词,空格后是a method,所以排除冠词。第二步判断是否该填写介词,空格之后是名词短语a method,所以完全可能用介词。怎么去选择合适的介词呢?可以借用空格前的动词词组搭配来选,也可以根据和空格后面的名词搭配来选择,但是这个题目中似乎都没有线索,只能根据句意来选择了。根据句意翻译为“作为”,所以填写as。虽然难度大点,但是缜密的分析之后还是可以发现蛛丝马迹的。
以上是针对近三年英语高考题语篇填空中的纯空格逻辑分析题型的解题策略,通过运用“冠词——介词——代词——连词”的分析方法可以增加学生对该类题型的把握程度,提高该题型的正答率。