由it构成的强调句式

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  一、由it构成的强调句式的结构与用法
  
  本单元的语法重点是学习it在强调句中的用法。it用作强调词,构成强调句型,用以帮助改变句子的结构,其句型为“It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)+其他”。此时it是标志,没有实际意义。而且强调句型中的引导词that不可省略。该句型通常可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、补语等,但不能强调句子的谓语动词。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用;强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等其他成分均用引导词that。例如:
  It was Xiao Yang who (that) met your sister in the zoo yesterday.
  是小杨昨天在动物园遇见了你姐姐。(强调主语)
  It was in the zoo that Xiao Yang met your sister yesterday.
  小杨昨天是在动物园遇见你姐姐的。(强调地点状语)
  It was your sister that Xiao Yang met in the zoo yesterday.
  小杨昨天在动物园遇见的是你姐姐。(强调宾语)
  It was yesterday that Xiao Yang met your sister in the zoo.
  小杨是昨天在动物园遇见你姐姐的。(强调时间状语)
  
  二、it构成的强调句式中需要注意的问题
  
  1.强调句在强调主语时,that/who后边的动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
  It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.
  在隔壁房间唱歌的是我的父母。
  It is I who/that am going for a holiday with Mike.
  是我打算和迈克一起度假。
  2.如果强调疑问词,应该把疑问词放在句首。例如:
  When is it that we’ll hold a meeting? 什么时候我们开个会?
  Who was it that called me yesterday evening?
  是谁昨天晚上给我打电话了?
  3.it引导的强调句不能用来强调条件状语从句和让步状语从句;可强调because引导的原因状语从句,却不能强调as, since引导的原因状语从句,可强调so that引导的目的状语从句,却不能强调so that引导的结果状语从句。以下几种说法都是错误的:
  It is if it rains that we won’t go out.(×)
  It is since everyone is here that let’s begin the meeting.(×)
  It was so that we didn’t finish the task on time that we didn’t plan our time well.(×)
  4.“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that…”可以看作是not…until的强调形式,强调时间状语,必须注意一定要将not until一起提到强调部分,且主句不需要倒装。例如:
  It was not until yesterday morning that he told us the news.
  直到昨天早晨他才把那个消息告诉我们。
  (原句为:He didn’t tell us the news until yesterday morning.)
  5.强调句中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式。例如:
  It might be tomorrow that we should arrive. 可能是明天我们才到达。
  It must have been in the library that you met her.
  一定是在图书馆你遇到了她。
  6. 在强调句型中去掉It is/was…that/who这几个标志词之后,在不添词、不减词的前提下能重新排列成一个完整的句子,这也是区别强调句型和某些以it开头含有定语从句或状语从句的复合句的依据。
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