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目的编制适用于我国城市学龄前3~6岁儿童烧烫伤简易风险评估问卷。方法复习和总结学龄前儿童烧烫伤流行病学调查结果、经典案例、风险评估问卷等文献,采用专题组座谈法、深入访谈法形成问卷初稿。通过对179名儿童预测试筛选问卷条目,通过分层整群抽样调查6所幼儿园468名儿童和医院50名烧烫伤儿童,对问卷进行信度和效度评价。采用百分位数法确定风险等级,采用分布法确定最小显著改变值。结果城市学龄前3~6岁儿童烧烫伤简易风险评估问卷由15个条目构成,分为“防护不当”、“照顾不当”、“器材使用不当”和“洗澡处置不当”四个维度。问卷的分半信度系数为0.721,Cronbach’sα系数为0.773。相关分析显示,每一条目与所属维度之间的相关系数介于0.493~0.879之间,与其他维度之间的相关系数介于0.033~0.475之间;各个维度的Cronbach’sα系数均大于与其他维度间的相关系数,各个维度与总分的相关系2数均大于各个维度间的相关系数。验证性因子分析的χ~2/df、比较拟合指数CFI、近似误差均方根RMSEA、规范拟合指数NFI、增值拟合指数IFI分别为3.81、0.070、0.887、0.856、0.889。烧烫伤害组问卷得分显著高于非伤害组(P<0.05)。百分位数法确定风险评估得分≤21分存在低度风险,22~28分存在中度风险,>28分存在高度风险。分布法确定最小显著变化值为5.10。结论城市学龄前3~6岁儿童烧烫伤简易风险评估问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于该年龄段城市儿童烧烫伤的风险评估。
Objective To prepare a simple risk assessment questionnaire for burns and burns of 3 ~ 6 years old children in preschool children in China. Methods To review and summarize the epidemiological findings of burn and scald in preschool children, classic cases, risk assessment questionnaires and other documents, using the panel discussion method and in-depth interview method to form the first draft of the questionnaire. By pre-screening screening 179 children questionnaire entries, stratified cluster sampling 468 children in kindergartens and 50 children scalded hospital burn, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The percentile method is used to determine the risk level and the distribution method is used to determine the smallest significant change. Results The questionnaire of simple risk assessment of burn and scald in preschool children aged 3 ~ 6 years was composed of 15 items, which were divided into “improper protection”, “improper care”, “improper use of equipment” and “improper bathing ”Four dimensions. The semi-reliability of the questionnaire was 0.721 and the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.773. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between each entry and the subordinate dimensions ranged from 0.493 to 0.879, and the correlation coefficients with other dimensions ranged from 0.033 to 0.475. The Cronbach’s α coefficients in all dimensions were greater than those in other dimensions The correlation coefficient between dimensions, the correlation between each dimension and the total score are all greater than the correlation coefficient between each dimension. The factor χ2 / df, the fitting index CFI, the root mean square error RMSEA, the standard fit index NFI and the value added fitting index IFI were 3.81,0.070,0.887,0.856,0.889 respectively. Burns scald injury score was significantly higher than non-injury group (P <0.05). Percentile method to determine the risk assessment score ≤ 21 points there is a low risk, 22-28 points there is a moderate risk,> 28 points there is a high degree of risk. Distribution method to determine the minimum significant change of 5.10. Conclusions The simple risk assessment questionnaire for burns and scalds of preschool children aged 3 ~ 6 years has a good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the risk of scalding and scalding in urban children aged 3 ~ 6 years.