本文梳理了自1930年代以来马克思主义在当代法国哲学中诞生、发展与衰落的过程。以对“我思”的批判与超越为主线,着重阐发了萨特的人本主义马克思主义诞生的前提以及海德格尔对其思想的批判;并以后者的批判为转折点讨论了以列维—斯特劳斯以及阿尔都塞为主线的结构主义马克思主义对“我思”问题的否弃及其暗中的回归。由此凸显了主体性原则在法国马克思主义哲学中无法逃避的理论命运。 This paper reviews the process of the birth, development and decline of Marxism in contemporary French philosophy since the 1930s. With the critique and transcendence of “I think ” as the main line, this paper emphatically expounds the premise of Sartre ’s birth of humanism Marxism and Heidegger ’ s critique of his thought. With the criticism of the latter, The Forbidding and the Secret Return of the Structuralist Marxism Based on Victoria Strauss and Althusser to the Issue of “I think”. It highlights the fate of the subjectivity that can not be evaded in the French Marxist philosophy.