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目的 :为枕颈融合器械内固定术提供解剖学基础。方法 :①测量 5 0块干燥完整的成人枕骨后下部 10cm× 5cm区域骨质厚度 ;② 3 0具头颈标本上测量横窦和窦汇的体表投影 ;③ 10具头颈标本分别做水平切面和矢状切面观测枕骨骨质构造。结果 :①枕骨厚度分布不规则 ,枕外隆凸处最厚 ,为 14 .3±2 .6( 11～ 17)mm ,外侧小脑窝处最薄 ,为 2 .5± 0 .7( 1.2～ 7.6)mm ,骨质厚度大于 8mm的区域为经过枕外隆凸中点的水平线左右各 2cm ,及枕外隆凸下 2 .6cm处的近似三角形区域 ;②窦汇的体表投影与枕外隆凸一致 ,左侧横窦主要位于上项线稍下方 ,右侧横窦主要位于上项线水平 ,横窦和窦汇大致位于上述三角形区域的深面 ;③枕骨骨质主要为致密的皮质骨。结论 :枕骨厚度的分布特点及重要的静脉窦的体表投影结果 ,对枕颈融合器械内固定术部位的选择具有实用性。
Objective: To provide an anatomical basis for the fixation of occipital-cervical fusion instruments. Methods: ①The thickness of the bone in the 10 cm × 5 cm region of the lower part of the adult occipital bone was measured after 50 pieces of dry occipital bone. The surface projection of the transverse sinus and the sinus part was measured on 30 head and neck specimens. Sagittal section observation of occipital bone structure. Results: ① The thickness of the occipital bone was irregularly distributed, the thickest part of the occipital protuberance was 14.3 ± 2.6 (11-17) mm, and the thinnest in the lateral cerebellar fossa was 2.5 ± 0.7 (1.2 ~ 7.6) mm, the bone thickness greater than 8mm area is about 2cm around the horizontal line of the mid-occipital protuberance and the approximate triangular area at 2.6cm below the occipital protuberance; ② The surface projection of Douhui The protuberances of the left transverse sinus were mainly located slightly below the upper anterograde, while the right transverse sinus was mainly located on the upper anterior line. The transverse sinus and sinus junction were located in the deep area of the above triangular area. ③ The occipital bone was mainly dense cortex bone. Conclusion: The distribution of occipital thickness and important sinus projection results are useful for the selection of internal fixation site of occipital - cervical fusion instrument.