小学地理教学是让学生初步了解整个地球,初步了解自己的学校、家乡、祖国。地理教学所涉及的空间较广,除了乡土局部地区的实际面貌可通过直接观察形成表象外,对于超出视力所及的较大范围的表象,学生则难以接受,这就需要通过表示地理空间关系的图形——地图来形成。地图和地理的关系十分密切。地理似“肉”、地图犹如“骨架”。只有让学生把地理知识附在地图这副骨架上,通过地图形成清楚的地域概念,才能理解记忆地理知识,并引起一系列的联想,从而获得丰富的地理知识。因此,我们在地理教学中要教给学生最基本的阅读地图的常识,指导 Elementary school geography teaching is for students to understand the entire earth, to initially understand their school, hometown, and motherland. Geography teaching involves a wide range of space. In addition to the fact that the actual appearance of local areas can be formed through direct observation, the students are more difficult to accept for the appearance beyond the scope of sight. This requires the representation of geographical spatial relationships. Graphics - maps to form. The relationship between maps and geography is very close. Geography is like “flesh” and the map is like “skeleton.” Only by allowing students to attach geographic knowledge to the skeleton of the map and forming a clear geographical concept through maps, can they understand the knowledge of memory geography and lead to a series of associations, thus obtaining a wealth of geography knowledge. Therefore, we must teach students basic knowledge of map reading in geography teaching.