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探讨何种认知能力能够预测任务转换能力有重要的意义.已有研究表明,工作记忆容量可能是预测因素之一.然而,已有研究结果并不一致.本研究进一步操纵了工作记忆容量预测任务转换成绩的条件.研究选取158名大学生为被试,分别采用操作广度任务和线索转换任务测量个体的工作记忆容量和任务转换能力.随后根据OSPAN任务成绩(分数),筛选出高、低WMC的个体进行一种测量WMC的任务(RWM),该任务包括两种难度.研究结果显示,操作广度与转换任务成绩呈显著负相关.然而,这种相关只有在较短线索-刺激间隔(CSI)条件下的转换成本上存在,在混合成本上无显著相关.此外,在中等CSI条件下,低难度RWM任务和转换任务的成绩呈负相关.结果 表明,当工作记忆容量的测量包含双任务成分,且转换任务的准备时间较少时,工作记忆容量能够很好地预测任务转换的局部转换成本.“,”Objective:Identifying cognitive capacities that are predictive of task-switching ability in daily and profes sional life is important for both theoretical reasons and practical purposes.Theoretical considerations suggest that working memory capacity (WMC) should be one of these predictors.However,empirical results are mixed,which may be related to differences in the operationalization of WMC and task-switching ability.The present study further assessed conditions under which WMC is predictive of task-switching performance.Methods:Undergraduate students (N=158) performed an operation span (OSPAN) and a cued switching task to measure WMC and task-switching ability,respectively.A subset of these students (N=64) also performed two versions of a running working memory (RWM) task.Results:OSPAN and switching-task performance were strongly negatively correlated with each other.However,this association was only significant under short cue-to-stimulus interval (CSI) conditions and using the switch but not mixing cost as outcome measure.Performance on the RWM and switching tasks were negatively related for one of the RWM task versions and only when examining switch costs under intermediate CSI conditions.Conclusion:These results suggest that a strong WMC is especially predictive of good task-switching performance when the measure of WMC entails a dual-task component,local switch cost is used as outcome variable,and the switching task involves little preparation time.Other components of WMC may have no,or even negative associations with task-switching performance.