有清一代,北京作为政治中心,是政治精英最重要的聚集地,由此形成了一个特殊的官员群体——京官。很多京官出身科甲,甚至起家词馆,多有文名,与“士林同好”声气相投;他们大多来自外省,往往借助各种媒介,与在京同乡发生往来。同时,他们掌握着有关朝廷动向的各类信息,也易于成为外地官员结交的对象。这种独特的身份属性与生活状态,令京官群体的成员之间在职守之外形成了复杂多样的社交关系,进而向外扩散,通过官场往来、文化交流、人情世故等渠道,与社会各阶层之间形成了基于同僚、同年、师生、同乡、姻亲等关 With a generation of Qing Dynasty, Beijing as a political center is the most important gathering place for the political elite, thus forming a special official group, the Jingguan. A lot of Beijing officials came from Kejia and even started the Ci-poetry pact, with more literary names and the same reputation as “Shihlin”. Most of them came from other provinces and often used various media to make contacts with their fellow citizens in Beijing. At the same time, they hold all kinds of information about the movements of the court and easily become the targets of foreign officials. This unique identity and living conditions make members of the Beijing government officials form a complex and diverse social relationship outside their posts and then spread outward. Through such channels as official exchanges, cultural exchange and human relations, they are able to communicate with all sectors of society Between the formation of a colleague based on the same year, teachers and students, fellow, marriage and other related