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摘要:语法填空是近年来全国高考卷新推出的一种题型,对于该题型,教师应如何进行有效的复习,提高应试能力,达到事半功倍的效果呢?本文结合笔者对语法填空题解题技巧做了一些探究。
关键词:高考语法;填空题;解题技巧
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2018)05-0114
先来看一下最近2年全国高考语法填空题的考点分布情况统计:名词6,谓语动词13,非谓语动词10,动词变名4,形容词变副词或比较级7,代词2,介词6,冠词5,定语从句关系词4,并列连词1,状语从句连词2。
针对以上分析,笔者详细梳理了近2年全国卷的相关考点,并加以归纳,与读者分享。
一、名词:名词的考查主要是把名词变为复数
1. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister...(days,2016全国卷Ⅰ)
2. This trend,...has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as...(effects,2017全国卷Ⅰ)
二、动词:动词主要考查动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式,以及动词转化为名词形式
语法填空由于题型的限制,谓语形式往往考查过去时(did)和现在时的单数第三人称形式(does),或者考查被动语态(be done)。平时应注意掌握动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化。
考例:When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.(are removed, 2017全国Ⅰ)
非谓语形式往往考查doing(being done),done,to do三种形式,在确定谓语动词考点后,其余提示的动词往往属于非谓语考点,考生要注意分析句子成分,判断所填动词的正确形式(V-ing表主动,V-ed表被动,to do表未发生);有些是固定搭配需要考生熟练掌握。
1. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat.(to process,2017全国Ⅰ)
2. By 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(eating, 2017全国Ⅰ)
3. I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit)to film a special unit. (permitted,2016全国Ⅰ)
动词转化为名词形式近几年有所考查,常见如:choose→choice,decide→decision,succeed→success,explain→explanation,discover→discovery
考例:
1. ... you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).(2016全国卷Ⅱ)
2. ...the great Chinese scholar Confucius,...,influenced the
48 (develop) of chopsticks.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)
三、形容词:主要考查形容词转化为副词或形容词比较级的应用
变化为形容词应注意如下规则:1. 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:polite-politely; wide-widely;2. 少数以e结尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly,如:true-truly;3. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如: simple-simply;terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly;probable-probably;4. 以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily。
形容词的比较级应注意一些不规则变化形式:bad→worse, good/well→better,little→less,many/much→more,判断比较级的应用要注意比较是否有对象(than)或者其他提示(even,much,a little修饰)。
四、代词:主要考查形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词,反身代词的正确形式
此时往往有单词提示;如果没有提示,最常考查it的用法
考例:I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.(its,2016全国Ⅰ)
五、介词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
常考in,at,on,for,by, to,of,from, with, without 等
1. ...which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,...(as,2017全国Ⅰ)
2. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.(to,2016全国Ⅰ) 六、冠词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
1. ...while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects. (the, 2016全国Ⅰ)
七、定语从句关系词
1. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,
70 is not good for the health.(which,2017全国Ⅰ)
八、并列连词
主要考查and,but,or,so,while,both...and,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(and,2016全国卷Ⅲ)
九、状语从句连词
常考的连词有when,if,unless,before,as等
So get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. (as,2016全国卷Ⅱ)
十、名词性从句
常考主語从句的what, 宾语从句的if/whether
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(how, 2015全国卷Ⅱ)
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十个考点概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,可较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
(作者单位:福建省南安市第三中学 362300)
关键词:高考语法;填空题;解题技巧
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2018)05-0114
先来看一下最近2年全国高考语法填空题的考点分布情况统计:名词6,谓语动词13,非谓语动词10,动词变名4,形容词变副词或比较级7,代词2,介词6,冠词5,定语从句关系词4,并列连词1,状语从句连词2。
针对以上分析,笔者详细梳理了近2年全国卷的相关考点,并加以归纳,与读者分享。
一、名词:名词的考查主要是把名词变为复数
1. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister...(days,2016全国卷Ⅰ)
2. This trend,...has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as...(effects,2017全国卷Ⅰ)
二、动词:动词主要考查动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式,以及动词转化为名词形式
语法填空由于题型的限制,谓语形式往往考查过去时(did)和现在时的单数第三人称形式(does),或者考查被动语态(be done)。平时应注意掌握动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化。
考例:When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.(are removed, 2017全国Ⅰ)
非谓语形式往往考查doing(being done),done,to do三种形式,在确定谓语动词考点后,其余提示的动词往往属于非谓语考点,考生要注意分析句子成分,判断所填动词的正确形式(V-ing表主动,V-ed表被动,to do表未发生);有些是固定搭配需要考生熟练掌握。
1. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat.(to process,2017全国Ⅰ)
2. By 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(eating, 2017全国Ⅰ)
3. I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit)to film a special unit. (permitted,2016全国Ⅰ)
动词转化为名词形式近几年有所考查,常见如:choose→choice,decide→decision,succeed→success,explain→explanation,discover→discovery
考例:
1. ... you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).(2016全国卷Ⅱ)
2. ...the great Chinese scholar Confucius,...,influenced the
48 (develop) of chopsticks.(2016全国卷Ⅲ)
三、形容词:主要考查形容词转化为副词或形容词比较级的应用
变化为形容词应注意如下规则:1. 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:polite-politely; wide-widely;2. 少数以e结尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly,如:true-truly;3. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如: simple-simply;terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; possible-possibly;probable-probably;4. 以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily。
形容词的比较级应注意一些不规则变化形式:bad→worse, good/well→better,little→less,many/much→more,判断比较级的应用要注意比较是否有对象(than)或者其他提示(even,much,a little修饰)。
四、代词:主要考查形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词,反身代词的正确形式
此时往往有单词提示;如果没有提示,最常考查it的用法
考例:I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.(its,2016全国Ⅰ)
五、介词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
常考in,at,on,for,by, to,of,from, with, without 等
1. ...which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,...(as,2017全国Ⅰ)
2. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.(to,2016全国Ⅰ) 六、冠词:没有提示,往往考查固定搭配
1. ...while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects. (the, 2016全国Ⅰ)
七、定语从句关系词
1. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,
70 is not good for the health.(which,2017全国Ⅰ)
八、并列连词
主要考查and,but,or,so,while,both...and,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.(and,2016全国卷Ⅲ)
九、状语从句连词
常考的连词有when,if,unless,before,as等
So get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. (as,2016全国卷Ⅱ)
十、名词性从句
常考主語从句的what, 宾语从句的if/whether
As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(how, 2015全国卷Ⅱ)
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型,能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十个考点概括了此题型的多数考查方向,在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用,真正做到事半功倍,可较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
(作者单位:福建省南安市第三中学 362300)