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[目的]评价常规机械通气(CMV )与高频振荡通气(HFOV )治疗新生儿重症胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的疗效.[方法]对本院2008年9月至2011年6月83例重症 MAS 新生儿予 CMV 或 HFOV 治疗.观察比较 CMV 与 HFOV 治疗前后肺功能变化及病情转归.[结果]CMV 治疗组与 HFOV 治疗组动脉氧分压(PaO2)分别由治疗前的(47.95±14.44)mmHg 、(62.16±23.03)mmHg 上升为(82.84±19.82)mmHg 、(81.69±23.84)mmHg ( P <0.05).氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)分别由治疗前的(218.30±70.98)(173.59±74.44)增加到(275.52±68.40)、(237.02±89.22)( P <0.05);动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)分别由(51.42±12.43)mmHg 、(48.95±12.11)mmHg 下降到(40.11 ± 7.87)mmHg 、(41.89±12.69)mmHg( P <0.05).在颅内出血并发症中 CMV 治疗组高于 HFOV 治疗组( P <0.05).[结论]CMV 与 HFOV 用于新生儿重症MAS 疗效好,均能较快改善肺氧合功能,改善预后,HFOV 在重症 MAS 应用中可作为 CMV 应用失败的补救方法,并发症较低.“,”Objective]To evaluate the efficacy of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high‐fre‐quency oscillation ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of neonates with severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) .[Methods]A total of 83 neonates with severe MAS received CMV or HFOV treatment .The change of pulmonary function and the prognosis were observed before and after CMV or HFOV treatment .[Results]Arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2 ) in CMV treatment group and HFOV treatment group increased from (47 .95 ± 14 .44)mmHg and (62 .16 ± 23 .03)mmHg to (82 .84 ± 19 .82)mmHg and (81 .69 ± 23 .84)mmHg ( P <0 .05) respectively ,and oxygenation index (PaO2 /FiO2 ) increased from (218 .30 ± 70 .98) and (173 .59 ± 74 .44) to (275 .52 ± 68 .40) and (237 .02 ± 89 .22)( P < 0 .05) respectively ,and partial pressure of carbon di‐oxide in arterial blood(PaCO2 ) decreased from (51 .42 ± 12 .43)mmHg and (48 .95 ± 12 .11)mmHg to (40 .11 ± 7 .87)mmHg and (41 .89 ± 12 .69)mmHg( P < 0 .05) respectively .The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in CMV treatment group was higher than that in HFOV treatment group ( P < 0 .05) .[Conclusion]CMV and HFOV for the treatment of neonates with severe MAS has good efficacy ,and both of them can improve pulmo‐nary oxygenation function quickly and the prognosis .HFOV applied in severe MAS can be used as a remedy method for the failure of CMV treatment ,and has a lower incidence of complications .