1948年底，人民解放战争的全面胜利势成定局，国民党在大陆的统治已面临着彻底垮台的命运，为谋求退路，国民党当局决定东撤台湾。退台后，蒋介石为首的一批国民党元老们开始痛切反省国民党败退台湾的教训，认为国民党在大陆的失败，不仅是政治、经济、军事、外交等方面的原因? At the end of 1948, the overall victory of the People’s Liberation War was coming in a foreseeable future. The Kuomintang’s rule over the mainland was facing a fate of total collapse. In order to find a way out, the Kuomintang authorities decided to withdraw Taiwan eastward. After their departure from Taiwan, a group of KMT heads of state headed by Chiang Kai-shek began to painfully reflect on the lessons learned by the Kuomintang in retreating Taiwan. They thought that the Kuomintang’s failure on the mainland was not only a political, economic, military and diplomatic issue.