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乳腺癌的外科治疗经历了100多年的历史。无论是根治术、改良根治术还是保留乳腺的根治术,都要常规进行腋窝淋巴结清扫,以获得肿瘤分期资料从而指导下一步治疗,传统的腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND),被认为是乳腺癌手术淋巴结分期的金标准。但ALND会引起许多并发症,如上肢淋巴水肿、功能障碍、皮下积液和切口愈合不良等,严重影响患者的生存质量,一直是临床外科治疗的一大难题。为了避免这些并发症,又能进行临床准确分期,于是前哨淋巴结活检技术(SLND)应运而生,这是近几年发展起来的一项新兴技术,它具有操作简单、安全、准确性高和创伤小等优点,似有取代腋窝清扫的趋势。现将该技术介绍如下。1 前哨淋巴结的概念
Surgical treatment of breast cancer has experienced more than 100 years of history. Whether radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy or radical mastectomy, routine axillary lymph node dissection is necessary to obtain staging information to guide further treatment. Conventional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is considered a breast cancer surgery Lymph node staging gold standard. However, ALND can cause many complications, such as upper extremity lymphedema, dysfunction, subcutaneous effusion and incision healing, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients, which has been a major challenge in clinical surgical treatment. Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique (SLND) has come into being in order to avoid these complications and achieve clinically accurate staging. This is an emerging technology developed in recent years with simple, safe, accurate and traumatic Small advantages, it seems to replace the trend of axillary cleaning. The technology is introduced below. 1 The concept of sentinel lymph nodes