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The Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts
Zhang Shiwen， Lengben Cairang Ermao， Xiaji Zhaqu， Zhao Ting etc | Tibet People’s Publishing House | Sep 2012 | ?680.00/ ?760.00 | ISBN 9787223030601
Book description
The Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is a pandect systematically introducing the development of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. As an illustrated book， it comprehensively and precisely presents the panorama of Tibetan national handicraft industry. Under the organization and coordination of Lhasa Chengguan District People’s Political Consultative Conference， the compiling group members including Zhang Shiwen and Lengben Cairang·Ermao went to various Tibetan regions to make in-depth survey and collect textual and graphic materials. By visiting many folk artisans， they finished recording and sorting the book with 1，230，000 words， more than 1，000 pictures and 400 free-hand process instruction drawings. This book falls into 11 parts， elaborately introducing many traditional Tibetan handicrafts， such as smithcraft， sculptures， masks， weapons， musical instruments， ware， manufacture， knitting， embroidery， costumes， painting and architecture. For example， the part of butter sculpture introduces the making process， how to prepare tools and materials and how to mould the solid； in the part of Tibetan costume， it introduces the differences and features of costumes in Weizang， Anduo and Kangba and also talks about the features and styles of the ornaments for those costumes at length.
The traditional culture of the ancient ethnic group has penetrated into people’s daily life through traditional handicrafts and spread up to now. Accompanying the ethnic group， it has coexisted with people in the snow-covered plateau for thousands of years and will go on like this.
It took three years to complete the Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts. By virtue of the organization and coordination of Chengguan District People’s Political Consultative Conference， the compiling group with Lengben Cairang · Ermao as its legal representative and Zhang Shiwen， Xiaji Zhaqu and Zhao Ting as its members went to Tibetan to make in-depth field survey， collect various textual and graphic materials and visit many folk artisans. Thus this book came into being three years later after record organization. It’s rare to find such a book with so heavy workload， so wide a scope， so abundant content and so many difficulties in collecting textual and graphic materials. It’s also unprecedented in protecting the traditional Tibetan handicrafts. We believe such work can only come into being in a prosperous and harmonious progressive society. This is also the historical law of the so-called compiling books in the flourishing age. Only in the great socialist era when Chinese Communist Party leads people of all ethnic groups to advance forward can there be such deeds of collection， record and publishing protection for traditional Tibetan Handicrafts. The primary significance for the publishing of Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is that： in current society where people are the masters of the country， Tibetan people have had the ability to review and conclude their own wisdom accumulated in their history. It’s nothing but a great event in today’s era to have the most basic wisdom carrier for industrious and intelligent Tibetan people —traditional Tibetan handicrafts—ascend to the rank of the cultural and historical books in the Tibetan history as a historical record. Meanwhile， traditional Tibetan handicrafts aren’t inferior to any Chinese excellent cultural treasures； instead， they are quite remarkable. The ultimate meaning of the publishing of Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is that people start expressing their own historical wisdom. It’s a special charm showing only in our era in the whole history of Tibetan ethnic group， which makes people delighted and pleased.
In terms of the history， the trace of cultural life formed in today’s Tibetan society can be perceived in two aspects. First， people’s wisdom about survival and life accumulated during the development of Tibetan ethnic group and Tibetan handicrafts follow a set routine but also make general reforms. Second， the cultural attitude towards the political and economic life of Tibetans in the republic era is of significance. Here， we should pay close attention to the policy attitude of our Party and government to the culture of ethnic groups.
Honestly speaking， the development history of Tibetan handicrafts is as long as the history of Tibetan ethnic group for the former is carried by the later. All wisdom and technical forms concerning handicrafts are derived from the history of Tibetan people.
The history of Tibetan culture， full of hardships， is always accompanying the survival history of the glorious ethnic group. One day in the Paleolithic Age， on Tibetan Plateau， an ancestor of Tibetans realized that relatively rough stones could be used as production tools and weapons. From that day then on， the history of Tibetan handicrafts began. Since then， ancestors started living in caves and then building caves as houses and later knitting ropes as tents. The Tibetan architecture history thus began. From using stones as appliances to polishing stones as tools， the History of Tibetan handicrafts initiated officially. Along with the constant development of the ethnic group in various history stages， Traditional Tibetan handcraft evolved continuously. For example， people had grasped ancient husbandry techniques in the tribal society before the Tibetan regime， which started and developed the processing of meat， bones， fur and horns of domestic animals in terms of livelihood and production. Until the era of Tibetan regime， people had learnt how to dig channels to lead irrigation， boil furs to make glue and build tents with cattle leather. This was a rapid development era for the traditional Tibetan handicrafts. Through learning from neighboring ethnic groups， character formulation and medical spread， soon stationery fabrication and medical apparatus processing appeared in the rank of traditional Tibetan handicrafts as expected. When Buddhism began to be accepted by Tibetan society， the traditional Tibetan handicrafts became more complicated and diverse and artist forms like painting and sculpture arose accordingly. Those ordinary craftsmen enabled traditional Tibetan handicrafts and artist expressive force to develop generation by generation. We can obtain such art enlightenment while observing the history more carefully： for the Tibetan history of painting， it has been rooted on the Tibet Plateau when the ancestors casually drew their life scenes， production activities and some special images on rocks and it kept developing until today. In the developmental process， the ancestors of Tibetans developed the awareness of making tools and painting. Those traditional folk craftsmen initiated and maintained today’s amazing history of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. It’s said that the history of craft partially embodies the history of wisdom and spirit of Tibetans. The history of traditional Tibetan handicrafts is as time-honored as the traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen. Throughout the history， Tibetan people are the subjects of their own survival wisdom. In the development history of Tibetan handicrafts， the commencement of craft history and the reform and innovation of craft forms center on a solid basis： people’s life including material and spiritual life in different eras decides the development direction and content of the craft progress and the art forms. The traditional history of Tibetan handicrafts tells us that the generation and development of new handicrafts and art forms evolve with the history of Tibetan people’s sincere pursuit of happy life. This is the development law for the traditional Tibetan handicrafts which never lose its affinity to the people and life. As a result， the traditional Tibetan handicrafts get unique vitality. When we review today’s development situation of traditional Tibetan handicrafts， we are also deeply touched. Here we can’t miss the second aspect in terms of history. That’s the encouragement and protection policy to the development of traditional Tibetan handicrafts by the Party and government.
After going through the ancient age， tribal regime， Tibetan regime， separatist regimes， and the era of unification of the state and the church， Tibetan society finally entered into a new socialism age where people are the owners of the country， during which it experienced the peaceful liberation， democratic reform and the establishment and development of autonomy of minorities. What’s more remarkable is has been developing after reform and opening-up.
In the prosperous development period of Tibet， the Party and state always pay a close attention to the protection and cultivation of the achievements in traditional Tibetan handicrafts. During the thirty years after the reform and opening-up， Tibetan made great achievements in boosting social economy and making social progress. The remarkable protective maintenance of the Potala Palace and Sakya Monastery， where Tibetan handicraft works converge， was conducted based on the principle of “keeping original appearance” which encouraged the protection of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. The digital management of some technical parameters summarizes and protects the traditional Tibetan handicrafts at an upper level. The encouragement and protection of traditional national handicrafts by the Party and state from a macro view will surely be written into the annals of history. Traditional Tibetan handicrafts also bloomed among the people. The government is very supportive of folk artisans. Apart from economic and policy supports， the government also provides qualifying registration and honorary authentication. Living in such an era， traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen are proud of their achievements. It’s because of such encouragement and support that there appeared the carriers for traditional Tibetan handicrafts with a mass of excellent talents and production line， such as Qinghai Regong Art Academy， Lhasa Chengguan District Ancient Art Factory， Tibet Autonomous Region， Rikeze Zhaxijicai and Ganzi County Wood Carving Factory， Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In the meantime， there also sprung up large-scale entrepreneurial traditional handicraft development bases including Jiangzi Carpet Factory， Shannan Jiedexiu Wool Production Center and lots of Tibetan Medicine Research Centers and Tibetan Medicine Factories spreading all over Tibetan.
Seen from macro and micro aspects， the development situation of traditional Tibetan handicrafts in the era made a tremendous advance instead of decline and destruction. All traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen should cherish their crafts and production modes. In the future， it is likely to surge forth with more excellent works like huge scroll Tangka by Master Zongzhe Lajie and Rainbow knife by Linzhi Yigong with traditional craft process that isn’t inferior to the modern one. With the encouragement of the government， the traditional national handicrafts loved by Tibetans must develop with the ever-accelerated development of the society.
Just as what Peng Weitao， Deputy Secretary of Chengguan District， Lhasa City said， “The primary significance for compiling this book is that in current society where people are the owners of the country， Tibetan people have got the ability to review and conclude their own enlightening wisdom forming in the process of survival and life. It’s nothing but a great event in today’s era to have the most basic wisdom carrier for industrious and intelligent Tibetan people —traditional Tibetan handicrafts—ascend to the rank of the cultural and historical books in the Tibetan history as a historical record.
“The traditional culture of the ancient ethnic group has penetrated into people’s daily life through traditional handicrafts and spread up to now. Accompanying the ethnic group， it has coexisted with people in the snow-covered plateau for thousands of years and will go on like this.”
Zhang Shiwen， Lengben Cairang Ermao， Xiaji Zhaqu， Zhao Ting etc | Tibet People’s Publishing House | Sep 2012 | ?680.00/ ?760.00 | ISBN 9787223030601
Book description
The Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is a pandect systematically introducing the development of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. As an illustrated book， it comprehensively and precisely presents the panorama of Tibetan national handicraft industry. Under the organization and coordination of Lhasa Chengguan District People’s Political Consultative Conference， the compiling group members including Zhang Shiwen and Lengben Cairang·Ermao went to various Tibetan regions to make in-depth survey and collect textual and graphic materials. By visiting many folk artisans， they finished recording and sorting the book with 1，230，000 words， more than 1，000 pictures and 400 free-hand process instruction drawings. This book falls into 11 parts， elaborately introducing many traditional Tibetan handicrafts， such as smithcraft， sculptures， masks， weapons， musical instruments， ware， manufacture， knitting， embroidery， costumes， painting and architecture. For example， the part of butter sculpture introduces the making process， how to prepare tools and materials and how to mould the solid； in the part of Tibetan costume， it introduces the differences and features of costumes in Weizang， Anduo and Kangba and also talks about the features and styles of the ornaments for those costumes at length.
The traditional culture of the ancient ethnic group has penetrated into people’s daily life through traditional handicrafts and spread up to now. Accompanying the ethnic group， it has coexisted with people in the snow-covered plateau for thousands of years and will go on like this.
It took three years to complete the Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts. By virtue of the organization and coordination of Chengguan District People’s Political Consultative Conference， the compiling group with Lengben Cairang · Ermao as its legal representative and Zhang Shiwen， Xiaji Zhaqu and Zhao Ting as its members went to Tibetan to make in-depth field survey， collect various textual and graphic materials and visit many folk artisans. Thus this book came into being three years later after record organization. It’s rare to find such a book with so heavy workload， so wide a scope， so abundant content and so many difficulties in collecting textual and graphic materials. It’s also unprecedented in protecting the traditional Tibetan handicrafts. We believe such work can only come into being in a prosperous and harmonious progressive society. This is also the historical law of the so-called compiling books in the flourishing age. Only in the great socialist era when Chinese Communist Party leads people of all ethnic groups to advance forward can there be such deeds of collection， record and publishing protection for traditional Tibetan Handicrafts. The primary significance for the publishing of Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is that： in current society where people are the masters of the country， Tibetan people have had the ability to review and conclude their own wisdom accumulated in their history. It’s nothing but a great event in today’s era to have the most basic wisdom carrier for industrious and intelligent Tibetan people —traditional Tibetan handicrafts—ascend to the rank of the cultural and historical books in the Tibetan history as a historical record. Meanwhile， traditional Tibetan handicrafts aren’t inferior to any Chinese excellent cultural treasures； instead， they are quite remarkable. The ultimate meaning of the publishing of Collection of Traditional Tibetan Handicrafts is that people start expressing their own historical wisdom. It’s a special charm showing only in our era in the whole history of Tibetan ethnic group， which makes people delighted and pleased.
In terms of the history， the trace of cultural life formed in today’s Tibetan society can be perceived in two aspects. First， people’s wisdom about survival and life accumulated during the development of Tibetan ethnic group and Tibetan handicrafts follow a set routine but also make general reforms. Second， the cultural attitude towards the political and economic life of Tibetans in the republic era is of significance. Here， we should pay close attention to the policy attitude of our Party and government to the culture of ethnic groups.
Honestly speaking， the development history of Tibetan handicrafts is as long as the history of Tibetan ethnic group for the former is carried by the later. All wisdom and technical forms concerning handicrafts are derived from the history of Tibetan people.
The history of Tibetan culture， full of hardships， is always accompanying the survival history of the glorious ethnic group. One day in the Paleolithic Age， on Tibetan Plateau， an ancestor of Tibetans realized that relatively rough stones could be used as production tools and weapons. From that day then on， the history of Tibetan handicrafts began. Since then， ancestors started living in caves and then building caves as houses and later knitting ropes as tents. The Tibetan architecture history thus began. From using stones as appliances to polishing stones as tools， the History of Tibetan handicrafts initiated officially. Along with the constant development of the ethnic group in various history stages， Traditional Tibetan handcraft evolved continuously. For example， people had grasped ancient husbandry techniques in the tribal society before the Tibetan regime， which started and developed the processing of meat， bones， fur and horns of domestic animals in terms of livelihood and production. Until the era of Tibetan regime， people had learnt how to dig channels to lead irrigation， boil furs to make glue and build tents with cattle leather. This was a rapid development era for the traditional Tibetan handicrafts. Through learning from neighboring ethnic groups， character formulation and medical spread， soon stationery fabrication and medical apparatus processing appeared in the rank of traditional Tibetan handicrafts as expected. When Buddhism began to be accepted by Tibetan society， the traditional Tibetan handicrafts became more complicated and diverse and artist forms like painting and sculpture arose accordingly. Those ordinary craftsmen enabled traditional Tibetan handicrafts and artist expressive force to develop generation by generation. We can obtain such art enlightenment while observing the history more carefully： for the Tibetan history of painting， it has been rooted on the Tibet Plateau when the ancestors casually drew their life scenes， production activities and some special images on rocks and it kept developing until today. In the developmental process， the ancestors of Tibetans developed the awareness of making tools and painting. Those traditional folk craftsmen initiated and maintained today’s amazing history of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. It’s said that the history of craft partially embodies the history of wisdom and spirit of Tibetans. The history of traditional Tibetan handicrafts is as time-honored as the traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen. Throughout the history， Tibetan people are the subjects of their own survival wisdom. In the development history of Tibetan handicrafts， the commencement of craft history and the reform and innovation of craft forms center on a solid basis： people’s life including material and spiritual life in different eras decides the development direction and content of the craft progress and the art forms. The traditional history of Tibetan handicrafts tells us that the generation and development of new handicrafts and art forms evolve with the history of Tibetan people’s sincere pursuit of happy life. This is the development law for the traditional Tibetan handicrafts which never lose its affinity to the people and life. As a result， the traditional Tibetan handicrafts get unique vitality. When we review today’s development situation of traditional Tibetan handicrafts， we are also deeply touched. Here we can’t miss the second aspect in terms of history. That’s the encouragement and protection policy to the development of traditional Tibetan handicrafts by the Party and government.
After going through the ancient age， tribal regime， Tibetan regime， separatist regimes， and the era of unification of the state and the church， Tibetan society finally entered into a new socialism age where people are the owners of the country， during which it experienced the peaceful liberation， democratic reform and the establishment and development of autonomy of minorities. What’s more remarkable is has been developing after reform and opening-up.
In the prosperous development period of Tibet， the Party and state always pay a close attention to the protection and cultivation of the achievements in traditional Tibetan handicrafts. During the thirty years after the reform and opening-up， Tibetan made great achievements in boosting social economy and making social progress. The remarkable protective maintenance of the Potala Palace and Sakya Monastery， where Tibetan handicraft works converge， was conducted based on the principle of “keeping original appearance” which encouraged the protection of traditional Tibetan handicrafts. The digital management of some technical parameters summarizes and protects the traditional Tibetan handicrafts at an upper level. The encouragement and protection of traditional national handicrafts by the Party and state from a macro view will surely be written into the annals of history. Traditional Tibetan handicrafts also bloomed among the people. The government is very supportive of folk artisans. Apart from economic and policy supports， the government also provides qualifying registration and honorary authentication. Living in such an era， traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen are proud of their achievements. It’s because of such encouragement and support that there appeared the carriers for traditional Tibetan handicrafts with a mass of excellent talents and production line， such as Qinghai Regong Art Academy， Lhasa Chengguan District Ancient Art Factory， Tibet Autonomous Region， Rikeze Zhaxijicai and Ganzi County Wood Carving Factory， Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In the meantime， there also sprung up large-scale entrepreneurial traditional handicraft development bases including Jiangzi Carpet Factory， Shannan Jiedexiu Wool Production Center and lots of Tibetan Medicine Research Centers and Tibetan Medicine Factories spreading all over Tibetan.
Seen from macro and micro aspects， the development situation of traditional Tibetan handicrafts in the era made a tremendous advance instead of decline and destruction. All traditional Tibetan handicraftsmen should cherish their crafts and production modes. In the future， it is likely to surge forth with more excellent works like huge scroll Tangka by Master Zongzhe Lajie and Rainbow knife by Linzhi Yigong with traditional craft process that isn’t inferior to the modern one. With the encouragement of the government， the traditional national handicrafts loved by Tibetans must develop with the ever-accelerated development of the society.
Just as what Peng Weitao， Deputy Secretary of Chengguan District， Lhasa City said， “The primary significance for compiling this book is that in current society where people are the owners of the country， Tibetan people have got the ability to review and conclude their own enlightening wisdom forming in the process of survival and life. It’s nothing but a great event in today’s era to have the most basic wisdom carrier for industrious and intelligent Tibetan people —traditional Tibetan handicrafts—ascend to the rank of the cultural and historical books in the Tibetan history as a historical record.
“The traditional culture of the ancient ethnic group has penetrated into people’s daily life through traditional handicrafts and spread up to now. Accompanying the ethnic group， it has coexisted with people in the snow-covered plateau for thousands of years and will go on like this.”