论文部分内容阅读
目的分析2005-2012年北碚区流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情特征,为制订流行性腮腺炎防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对北碚区2005-2012年流行性腮腺炎暴发事件及关联病例进行分析。结果2005-2012年北碚区流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为80.51/10万;暴发事件27起,均发生在中小学校;暴发病例共1 388例,占病例总数的34.80%。暴发呈双高峰分布,5、12月最多,疫情平均持续(70.5±25.8)d。82.35%的镇/街都出现过暴发,其中天生、歇马、北温泉三地暴发最多、最频繁。暴发病例中97.41%是学生,以7~12岁儿童为主,占74.71%。小学生罹患率为5.52%,高于中学生的1.99%;春季学期罹患率为5.33%,高于秋季学期的3.65%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论接种率低、未免疫人群积累是流行性腮腺炎高发且暴发不断的最主要原因,应强化对学生腮腺炎疫苗的接种查验,及时开展疫苗补种或实施强化免疫。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps outbreak in Beibei area from 2005 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for the development of mumps prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the outbreaks and related cases of mumps from 2005 to 2012 in Beibei area. Results The average incidence of Mumps in Beibei District from 2005 to 2012 was 80.51 / 100,000. Outbreaks occurred in 27 primary and secondary schools. A total of 1 388 outbreaks were reported, accounting for 34.80% of the total cases. The outbreak was a double peak distribution in May and December the most, the epidemic continued on average (70.5 ± 25.8) d. Outbreaks occurred in 82.35% of the towns / streets. Among them, natural disasters, southern horses and northern hot springs broke out most frequently and most frequently. Outbreak cases in 97.41% of students, mainly to children aged 7 to 12, accounting for 74.71%. The prevalence rate of primary school students was 5.52%, higher than 1.99% of secondary school students. The attack rate in spring semester was 5.33%, which was higher than that in autumn semester (3.65%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions The low vaccination rate and the accumulation of non-immunized people are the main causes of the high incidence and outbreak of mumps. Vaccination of mumps vaccine should be intensified and timely vaccination or intensive immunization should be carried out.