论文部分内容阅读
一、單项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
1. Alices parents do not approve of her plan， which can be from their voice.
A. concluded B. excluded
C. deduced D. sought
2. no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Had there been B. If there have been
C. If there are D. Were there
3. If a young man desires the to move to a different city in future years， he should keep renting instead of buying a house.
A. flexibility B. privilege
C. qualification D. benefit
4. All factors ， it is impossible for me to get there in such a short time.
A. considering B. to be considered
C. considered D. being considered
5. Online shopping， since its birth， has unprecedented and unexpected changes in both business and peoples life.
A. brought about B. brought up
C. brought in D. brought out
6. It was the middle of the night the priest knocked every door and told them about the war.
A. as B. that
C. when D. which
7. It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act .
A. just foolishly B. as foolishly
C. less foolishly D. so foolishly
8. Many experts hold the view teacher development is the key to better education lies.
A. which； in which B. that； in which
C. which； where D. that； where
9. Wolf Warrior II， in Africa and quality action scenes and stunts， resembles a Hollywood blockbuster and has become a hit since its release.
A. setting； featured B. set； featured
C. setting； featuring D. set； featuring
10. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we .
A. will expect B. were expecting
C. expected D. had expected
11. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleeplike state they dont age.
A. for which B. where
C. that D. as
12. Though lacking the necessary working experience， my cousin got the job her confidence and flexibility.
A. in terms of B. in response to
C. with respect to D. on account of
13. It is The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritimes Silk Road was put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping during his overseas visits in 2013 further strengthens Chinas cooperation with those neighboring countries involved. A. what； which B. which； that
C. that； which D. which； what
14. —I dont like bungee jumping.
—How can you say you dont like it youve never even tried it？
A. when B. unless
C. until D. while
15. —Im sorry. I didnt accomplish the job on time.
—Thats all right. Everyone sometimes. Just finish the rest when you feel well.
A. sits on the fence
B. has butterflies in his stomach
C. feels under the weather
D. throws good money after bad
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
At age 16， my father studied by the light of the street light until he was exhausted. Sometimes， the high school guard was 16 enough to let him in to escape the cold. The 17 of electricity at home was one of the obstacles to overcome on his way to becoming a doctor.
18 poor conditions， supporting his family after his fathers death， and a high illiteracy （文盲） rate in his country， Pakistan， my father overcame the adversity （逆境） and established his own 19 practice in Peshawar. 20 ， he decided to leave this comfortable lifestyle and move to America to ensure limitless opportunities for his family.
Because of his sacrifice， I tried to take advantage of every opportunity. I 21 from my familiar middle school near my home to a challenging international baccalaureate Diploma Programme （國际文凭大学预科课程） and didnt 22 it. At my current high school， I have unlimited 23 to excel and interact with students from many backgrounds. 24 my comfortable living conditions was a small price to pay to achieve my life goal. Changing schools gave me the 25 to pursue rigorous courses. My educational future will 26 and push me.
For the rest of high school， I hope I will be 27 in standardized tests. I understand grades do not define a person， but I am motivated to study hard 28 I succeed. The summer after graduation， I plan to take calculus （微积分） at the state university to 29 my math skills.
I firmly believe that to develop our society we must first 30 the less fortunate. I will choose a career for this. My 31 for becoming a doctor results from my desire to ease others pain. I realize education is the groundwork of my future. I must lay a solid 32 for my goal.
Unlike my fathers sisters， who married young without finishing high school， I realize my life in America 33 infinite possibilities， and I must work hard to 34 from all of them. My father worked his entire life to secure my future. I 35 it to him and myself， to make something out of my education. 16. A. cautious B. responsible
C. qualified D. kind
17. A. line B. lack
C. use D. invention
18. A. Despite B. Through
C. Without D. Except
19. A. legal B. standard
C. medical D. scientific
20. A. Still B. However
C. Besides D. Therefore
21. A. suffered B. heard
C. transferred D. received
22. A. attend B. regret
C. possess D. refuse
23. A. opportunities B. reasons
C. approaches D. wishes
24. A. Creating B. Treasuring
C. Expecting D. Leaving
25. A. honor B. privacy
C. drive D. ability
26. A. challenge B. upset
C. defend D. judge
27. A. honest B. flexible
C. normal D. excellent
28. A. once B. until
C. because D. unless
29. A. share B. test
C. improve D. display
30. A. consider B. measure
C. discover D. assist
31. A. behavior B. motivation
C. excuse D. realization
32. A. foundation B. schedule
C. achievement D. decision
33. A. follows B. demands
C. connects D. offers
34. A. recover B. benefit
C. tell D. escape
35. A. owe B. explain
C. devote D. recommend
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Question：
I hate my boss. I hate my office. I hate my coworkers， Help， please！
—Amy
Answer：
That does sound unpleasant. It might be time for a career switch， and I have some suggestions， though a few require time travel.
Perhaps you should apply to be a tosher， an occupation that involved wandering through sewers （下水道） to look for small decorative objects in the 19th century. It would certainly get you out of that office. Or you could work as a night soil man， who carried excrement from toilets to the edge of town.
What Im saying is： Many jobs today are terrible. But relatively speaking， they are much less terrible and smelly than jobs in the past.
Ive got plenty more to make you feel better. According to the book The worst Jobs in History by Tony Robison， the dullest job ever could have belonged to treadmill （踏車） walkers， the folks who walked with slow heavy steps all day without access to entertainment when treadmills were used to press grain into flour. The saddest？ Definitely the pleasures of the 18thcentury French theater， who were paid to weep during dramas.
And Im not even counting all the hundreds of modern jobs that are probably worse than yours. So whats my professional advice？ Unless your performance involves packs of fans booing （发出嘘声） and laughing at you while you work， keep your day job. —Jacobs
36. By referring to “time travel”， Jacobs .
A. suggests that Amy go on a long journey
B. suggests that Amy recall her past careers
C. wants to compare jobs of different times
D. wants to mention some jobs in olden days
37. Whats Jacobs advice to Amy？
A. Each day brings its own bread.
B. Every bird likes its own nest.
C. Enough is as good as feast.
D. Empty bottles make the most noise.
B
What are the practical results of the crazy pursuit of beauty？ The exercises， the health motors or the skin foods—to what have they led？ Are women more beautiful than they were？ These are questions which it is difficult to answer. The campaign for more physical beauty seems to be both a success and a failure. It depends how you look at the results.
It is a success to some degree as more women keep their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. “Old ladies” are already becoming rare. In a few years， we may well believe， they will be extinct. The Portrait of the Artists Mother will come to be almost indistinguishable， at future picture shows， from the Portrait of the Artists Daughter. This desirable beauty will be due in part to skin foods and facial surgery， and in part to improved health. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease； beauty， of health. As the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more health， it is admirable. Still， it has problems. Indeed， with the development of technology， people have become healthier and more beautiful， but will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful， at any rate， as the natural shape of her features， with or without surgical and chemical aid， permits？
The answer is no. Real beauty is as much an affair of the inner self as on the outer self. The beauty of a china jar is a matter of shape and of color. The jar may be empty or occupied by spiders， full of honey or smelly slime （黏液）—it makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is alive， and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.
I have seen lovely women. Their shape and their color were perfect. And yet they were not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some ugly things. Spiritual emptiness or ugliness shows through. In contrast， there is an inner light that can change imperfect or ugly forms into things that are beautiful and attractive. 38. In what way can we say the campaign for more beauty is a success？
A. People are beginning to pay attention to their appearance.
B. It has become much easier for painters to draw old ladies.
C. Knowledge about health has increased hugely.
D. Women look younger than previous generations.
39. What does the author think about the view that beauty represents health？
A. Its popular. B. Its wrong.
C. It benefits people. D. It needs evidence.
40. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
C
Why are some people more persuasive than others？ We bring together some researches into the science of persuasion.
An American researcher， Edward Burkley， studied the influence of mental exhaustion on the resistance levels of 78 students. The plan was to try to persuade them to accept one months summer holiday instead of three. Half the students came to the study fresh. But the other half first had to complete a selfcontrol task in which they wrote down all the thoughts that came into their heads while trying not to think about a white bear. He found that the students who had performed the white bear task were less resistant to the idea of giving up two months of holiday.
Two other researchers， Rosanna Guadagno and Robert Cialdinik compared the persuasive power of online communication with facetoface meetings. They had a group of students discuss the introduction of new exams. The group was divided into pairs of the same sex， each pair including an experimenter whose role was to argue in favor of the idea. Half the discussions took place in an online chatroom， the other half facetoface. While overall men performed similarly whether they participated in the electronic or facetoface discussions， women in facetoface discussions were more easily persuaded than those who only took part online.
In another experiment， John Sparks and Charles Areni asked 118 undergraduates to read testimonials （推薦书） about a scanner. In one version， the testimonials included hesitation like “I mean” and “ummm”； in the other， there were none. The researchers found that when hesitant language was used， people were less easily convinced that this was a scanner worth buying—even when it was a better scanner at a lower price. Style was especially important， the researchers found， when time was limited. “If you cant pay attention to what the speaker is saying，” Sparks says， “you pay attention to how they say it.” Much study has gone into how emotions aid persuasion. The best known and most studied is fear. It serves well in campaigns that try to stop you from doing something， like smoking. But fear doesnt always work， says Professor Monique Mitchell Turner， and over time， people become more resistant to scare methods. The same applies to guilt. “We dont want people to tell us were bad people，” says Turner. Anger， however， can be constructively used.
41. Whats the aim of the white bear task？
A. To make participants feel tired mentally.
B. To see what participants know about white bears.
C. To find out how well participants can control themselves
D. To help persuade participants to accept a onemonth holiday.
42. We learn from Paragraph 3 that if a woman wants to persuade another woman， she can .
A. ask a man to support her
B. behave in an aggressive way
C. communicate with the woman online
D. talk to the woman face to face
43. According to John Sparks and Charles Arenis research， what is important for a testimonial？
A. The product price
B. The quality of the product
C. The writing style
D. The length of the testimonial
44. What will the author most probably talk about next？
A. Why emotions can help to persuade.
B. Turners other research findings
C. How to use anger to persuade.
D. Peoples resistance to anger methods.
D
A college degree has never been more necessary： graduates earn， on average， 80% more than highschool graduates. Yet ever more Americans are taking on serious debt in exchange for that diploma. Between 2004 and 2014， studentloan balances more than tripled to nearly $1.2 trillion. The average debtor leaves college owing around $27，000.
Some of this mounting debt is good news. More Americans are going to college—undergraduate enrolment rose by nearly 40% between 2000 and 2010， according to the National Centre for Education Statistics. Many are also staying around for a second degree. Average tuition fees have surged 40% in the decade to 201516 for fulltime students at public fouryear colleges， and 26% at private ones. Those who take longer to graduate—as many increasingly do—simply rack up more loans.
Unpaid student loans are now second only to mortgages （抵押貸款） when it comes to household debt in America. Though the housing market has been steadily recovering， the share of firsttime buyers continues to decline， and is now at its lowest point in nearly three decades， according to the National Association of Realtors. The homeownership rate among 30yearolds has been tumbling， but the fall has been especially fast among those paying off student loans， according to the New York Fed. So are the soaring costs of college keeping millennials from starting households of their own？ Using longitudinal （縱向的） data on collegegoing Americans who were aged between 12 and 17 in 1997， the authors found that studentloan debtors were in fact more likely than nondebtors to own a house by the age of 30. But this was mostly because debtors tended to be older， employed， married and with children， and the debt was largely irrelevant.
Others have found that student debt may delay homeownership， but does not deter it entirely. Young debtors were less likely to own a home than their debtfree peers. Yet when the authors confined their analysis to college graduates， they found that debtors in their late20s were more likely to own a home than nondebtors. So the reason for the delay in homebuying among those with student loans seems to have been that many had dropped out before earning their degree.
The decline in young homeowners seems to be part of a larger trend of deferring （推迟） the conventional trappings of adulthood. The share of 18 to 34yearolds who are married with children has fallen from 27% in 2000 to 20% in 2015. Several studies have asked whether student debt is nudging youngsters to put off marriage vows and stick to birth control， but the link seems tenuous. As for homeownership， perhaps the biggest challenge facing young homebuyers is the fact that prices have outpaced income growth for 15 years.
The amount of debt a student has is often less important than the college or the degree. Students with the most debt often have the greatest earning power， as degrees in business， law and medicine tend to be especially costly. The young adults who tend to be most hobbled by their student debt are those who either dropped out or went somewhere nonselective.
There are even signs that taking on more student debt reduces the odds of bouncing back home to live with ones parents， as long as it results in a degree. In an analysis of longitudinal data on collegegoing Americans born between 1980 and 1984， Mr. Houle and Cody Warner of Montana State University found that the young adults who returned home tended to be younger， underemployed， modestly indebted and from privileged homes. College dropouts had a particularly high risk of returning to the nest. Every 10% rise in college debt reduced the odds of returning home by around 17%.
Millennials may be sluggish （怠惰的） about starting their own households， but college graduates are more likely to do so than their lesseducated peers， according to the Pew Research Centre. The earnings of young degreeholders are nearly double those of young highschool graduates. There is little question that the rising cost of college education is a problem， but the cost of not going—or， worse， dropping out—is higher still. 45. The following factors have led to the increasing studentloan balances EXCEPT .
A. the rising college tuition costs
B. the increasing state spending on education
C. the increasing number of undergraduates
D. more undergraduates failing to get a degree on time
46. We can see a trend in Paragraph 3 that .
A. more 30yearolds dont own a house
B. fewer studentloan debtors can afford a house
C. more families are unable to pay off student loans
D. student loans account for most household debt in America.
47. According to Paragraphs 4 and 5， student debt .
A. makes it hard for debtors to get a college degree
B. encourages debtors to get employed and married
C. leads to an increasing number of dropouts.
D. wont keep debtors from buying a house
48. The underlined word “tenuous” in Paragraph 6 is the closest meaning to .
A. weak B. normal
C. obvious D. informal
49. According to the passage， students with the most debt are more likely to .
A. work hard
B. live with their parents
C. be financially promising
D. drop out of college
50. What can we know from the last paragraph？
A. College graduates may get married earlier than their lesseducated peers.
B. Its worthwhile to get a college degree despite the debt.
C. The cost of college education needs to be lowered.
D. Most millennials have got college degrees.
四、任務型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought， a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says childrens early attachment to parents has farreaching consequences for their ability to speak， learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security， it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child development and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity， entitled Baby Bonds， makes the case that it has an important impact on childrens future educational chances as well as their emotional wellbeing. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue， including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory， it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school. And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life， with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression， defiance and hyperactivity later in life. The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found， from their observations， that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added， “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behaviour. These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. Its really only as we understand more about these behaviour problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents.”
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said， “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility， as there is such a clear link to education， behaviour and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life， with a 19month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.”
This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving childrens life chances. “More support from health visitors， childrens centres and local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap.”
五、書面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面的文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要阐述坚持梦想的重要性；
3. 谈谈你的梦想，并分析实现梦想的必要要素（不少于两点）。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考答案
一、1—5 CDACA 6—10 CBDDD 11—15 BDBAC
二、16—20 DBACB 21—25 CBADC
26—30 ADBCD 31—35 BADBA
三、36—37 DC 38—40 DBC 41—44 ADCC
45—50 BADACB
四、51. greatly / largely 52. analysed 53. observing 54. close 55. attachment 56. lack
57. biggest / largest 58. hiding / escaping
59. status 60. combined / joint
五、One possible version：
Most people have a dream， but those who make it a reality are few and far between. Therefore， what counts is to have the same determination as the boy did.
Life without a dream proves to be a frozen field. However， the dream turns out to be an empty slogan unless you devote the constant efforts to fulfilling it. Nobody can achieve anything without persistence. Accordingly， one of the secrets to success is holding fast to your dream whatever it happens.
I have a dream that one day I can make a commitment to the education in the remote places where children are thirsty for knowledge. I hope that my devotion will make a difference to their lives. To realize the dream not only should I equip myself with abundant knowledge but also inspire more people to join me in helping those poor children. After all， many hands make light work.
1. Alices parents do not approve of her plan， which can be from their voice.
A. concluded B. excluded
C. deduced D. sought
2. no modern telecommunications， we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Had there been B. If there have been
C. If there are D. Were there
3. If a young man desires the to move to a different city in future years， he should keep renting instead of buying a house.
A. flexibility B. privilege
C. qualification D. benefit
4. All factors ， it is impossible for me to get there in such a short time.
A. considering B. to be considered
C. considered D. being considered
5. Online shopping， since its birth， has unprecedented and unexpected changes in both business and peoples life.
A. brought about B. brought up
C. brought in D. brought out
6. It was the middle of the night the priest knocked every door and told them about the war.
A. as B. that
C. when D. which
7. It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act .
A. just foolishly B. as foolishly
C. less foolishly D. so foolishly
8. Many experts hold the view teacher development is the key to better education lies.
A. which； in which B. that； in which
C. which； where D. that； where
9. Wolf Warrior II， in Africa and quality action scenes and stunts， resembles a Hollywood blockbuster and has become a hit since its release.
A. setting； featured B. set； featured
C. setting； featuring D. set； featuring
10. Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we .
A. will expect B. were expecting
C. expected D. had expected
11. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleeplike state they dont age.
A. for which B. where
C. that D. as
12. Though lacking the necessary working experience， my cousin got the job her confidence and flexibility.
A. in terms of B. in response to
C. with respect to D. on account of
13. It is The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritimes Silk Road was put forward by Chinese President Xi Jinping during his overseas visits in 2013 further strengthens Chinas cooperation with those neighboring countries involved. A. what； which B. which； that
C. that； which D. which； what
14. —I dont like bungee jumping.
—How can you say you dont like it youve never even tried it？
A. when B. unless
C. until D. while
15. —Im sorry. I didnt accomplish the job on time.
—Thats all right. Everyone sometimes. Just finish the rest when you feel well.
A. sits on the fence
B. has butterflies in his stomach
C. feels under the weather
D. throws good money after bad
二、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
At age 16， my father studied by the light of the street light until he was exhausted. Sometimes， the high school guard was 16 enough to let him in to escape the cold. The 17 of electricity at home was one of the obstacles to overcome on his way to becoming a doctor.
18 poor conditions， supporting his family after his fathers death， and a high illiteracy （文盲） rate in his country， Pakistan， my father overcame the adversity （逆境） and established his own 19 practice in Peshawar. 20 ， he decided to leave this comfortable lifestyle and move to America to ensure limitless opportunities for his family.
Because of his sacrifice， I tried to take advantage of every opportunity. I 21 from my familiar middle school near my home to a challenging international baccalaureate Diploma Programme （國际文凭大学预科课程） and didnt 22 it. At my current high school， I have unlimited 23 to excel and interact with students from many backgrounds. 24 my comfortable living conditions was a small price to pay to achieve my life goal. Changing schools gave me the 25 to pursue rigorous courses. My educational future will 26 and push me.
For the rest of high school， I hope I will be 27 in standardized tests. I understand grades do not define a person， but I am motivated to study hard 28 I succeed. The summer after graduation， I plan to take calculus （微积分） at the state university to 29 my math skills.
I firmly believe that to develop our society we must first 30 the less fortunate. I will choose a career for this. My 31 for becoming a doctor results from my desire to ease others pain. I realize education is the groundwork of my future. I must lay a solid 32 for my goal.
Unlike my fathers sisters， who married young without finishing high school， I realize my life in America 33 infinite possibilities， and I must work hard to 34 from all of them. My father worked his entire life to secure my future. I 35 it to him and myself， to make something out of my education. 16. A. cautious B. responsible
C. qualified D. kind
17. A. line B. lack
C. use D. invention
18. A. Despite B. Through
C. Without D. Except
19. A. legal B. standard
C. medical D. scientific
20. A. Still B. However
C. Besides D. Therefore
21. A. suffered B. heard
C. transferred D. received
22. A. attend B. regret
C. possess D. refuse
23. A. opportunities B. reasons
C. approaches D. wishes
24. A. Creating B. Treasuring
C. Expecting D. Leaving
25. A. honor B. privacy
C. drive D. ability
26. A. challenge B. upset
C. defend D. judge
27. A. honest B. flexible
C. normal D. excellent
28. A. once B. until
C. because D. unless
29. A. share B. test
C. improve D. display
30. A. consider B. measure
C. discover D. assist
31. A. behavior B. motivation
C. excuse D. realization
32. A. foundation B. schedule
C. achievement D. decision
33. A. follows B. demands
C. connects D. offers
34. A. recover B. benefit
C. tell D. escape
35. A. owe B. explain
C. devote D. recommend
三、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，满分30分）
A
Question：
I hate my boss. I hate my office. I hate my coworkers， Help， please！
—Amy
Answer：
That does sound unpleasant. It might be time for a career switch， and I have some suggestions， though a few require time travel.
Perhaps you should apply to be a tosher， an occupation that involved wandering through sewers （下水道） to look for small decorative objects in the 19th century. It would certainly get you out of that office. Or you could work as a night soil man， who carried excrement from toilets to the edge of town.
What Im saying is： Many jobs today are terrible. But relatively speaking， they are much less terrible and smelly than jobs in the past.
Ive got plenty more to make you feel better. According to the book The worst Jobs in History by Tony Robison， the dullest job ever could have belonged to treadmill （踏車） walkers， the folks who walked with slow heavy steps all day without access to entertainment when treadmills were used to press grain into flour. The saddest？ Definitely the pleasures of the 18thcentury French theater， who were paid to weep during dramas.
And Im not even counting all the hundreds of modern jobs that are probably worse than yours. So whats my professional advice？ Unless your performance involves packs of fans booing （发出嘘声） and laughing at you while you work， keep your day job. —Jacobs
36. By referring to “time travel”， Jacobs .
A. suggests that Amy go on a long journey
B. suggests that Amy recall her past careers
C. wants to compare jobs of different times
D. wants to mention some jobs in olden days
37. Whats Jacobs advice to Amy？
A. Each day brings its own bread.
B. Every bird likes its own nest.
C. Enough is as good as feast.
D. Empty bottles make the most noise.
B
What are the practical results of the crazy pursuit of beauty？ The exercises， the health motors or the skin foods—to what have they led？ Are women more beautiful than they were？ These are questions which it is difficult to answer. The campaign for more physical beauty seems to be both a success and a failure. It depends how you look at the results.
It is a success to some degree as more women keep their youthful appearance to a greater age than in the past. “Old ladies” are already becoming rare. In a few years， we may well believe， they will be extinct. The Portrait of the Artists Mother will come to be almost indistinguishable， at future picture shows， from the Portrait of the Artists Daughter. This desirable beauty will be due in part to skin foods and facial surgery， and in part to improved health. Ugliness is one of the symptoms of disease； beauty， of health. As the campaign for more beauty is also a campaign for more health， it is admirable. Still， it has problems. Indeed， with the development of technology， people have become healthier and more beautiful， but will every woman be beautiful—as beautiful， at any rate， as the natural shape of her features， with or without surgical and chemical aid， permits？
The answer is no. Real beauty is as much an affair of the inner self as on the outer self. The beauty of a china jar is a matter of shape and of color. The jar may be empty or occupied by spiders， full of honey or smelly slime （黏液）—it makes no difference to its beauty or ugliness. But a woman is alive， and her beauty is therefore not skin deep. The surface of the human vessel is affected by the nature of its spiritual contents.
I have seen lovely women. Their shape and their color were perfect. And yet they were not beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or filled with some ugly things. Spiritual emptiness or ugliness shows through. In contrast， there is an inner light that can change imperfect or ugly forms into things that are beautiful and attractive. 38. In what way can we say the campaign for more beauty is a success？
A. People are beginning to pay attention to their appearance.
B. It has become much easier for painters to draw old ladies.
C. Knowledge about health has increased hugely.
D. Women look younger than previous generations.
39. What does the author think about the view that beauty represents health？
A. Its popular. B. Its wrong.
C. It benefits people. D. It needs evidence.
40. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
C
Why are some people more persuasive than others？ We bring together some researches into the science of persuasion.
An American researcher， Edward Burkley， studied the influence of mental exhaustion on the resistance levels of 78 students. The plan was to try to persuade them to accept one months summer holiday instead of three. Half the students came to the study fresh. But the other half first had to complete a selfcontrol task in which they wrote down all the thoughts that came into their heads while trying not to think about a white bear. He found that the students who had performed the white bear task were less resistant to the idea of giving up two months of holiday.
Two other researchers， Rosanna Guadagno and Robert Cialdinik compared the persuasive power of online communication with facetoface meetings. They had a group of students discuss the introduction of new exams. The group was divided into pairs of the same sex， each pair including an experimenter whose role was to argue in favor of the idea. Half the discussions took place in an online chatroom， the other half facetoface. While overall men performed similarly whether they participated in the electronic or facetoface discussions， women in facetoface discussions were more easily persuaded than those who only took part online.
In another experiment， John Sparks and Charles Areni asked 118 undergraduates to read testimonials （推薦书） about a scanner. In one version， the testimonials included hesitation like “I mean” and “ummm”； in the other， there were none. The researchers found that when hesitant language was used， people were less easily convinced that this was a scanner worth buying—even when it was a better scanner at a lower price. Style was especially important， the researchers found， when time was limited. “If you cant pay attention to what the speaker is saying，” Sparks says， “you pay attention to how they say it.” Much study has gone into how emotions aid persuasion. The best known and most studied is fear. It serves well in campaigns that try to stop you from doing something， like smoking. But fear doesnt always work， says Professor Monique Mitchell Turner， and over time， people become more resistant to scare methods. The same applies to guilt. “We dont want people to tell us were bad people，” says Turner. Anger， however， can be constructively used.
41. Whats the aim of the white bear task？
A. To make participants feel tired mentally.
B. To see what participants know about white bears.
C. To find out how well participants can control themselves
D. To help persuade participants to accept a onemonth holiday.
42. We learn from Paragraph 3 that if a woman wants to persuade another woman， she can .
A. ask a man to support her
B. behave in an aggressive way
C. communicate with the woman online
D. talk to the woman face to face
43. According to John Sparks and Charles Arenis research， what is important for a testimonial？
A. The product price
B. The quality of the product
C. The writing style
D. The length of the testimonial
44. What will the author most probably talk about next？
A. Why emotions can help to persuade.
B. Turners other research findings
C. How to use anger to persuade.
D. Peoples resistance to anger methods.
D
A college degree has never been more necessary： graduates earn， on average， 80% more than highschool graduates. Yet ever more Americans are taking on serious debt in exchange for that diploma. Between 2004 and 2014， studentloan balances more than tripled to nearly $1.2 trillion. The average debtor leaves college owing around $27，000.
Some of this mounting debt is good news. More Americans are going to college—undergraduate enrolment rose by nearly 40% between 2000 and 2010， according to the National Centre for Education Statistics. Many are also staying around for a second degree. Average tuition fees have surged 40% in the decade to 201516 for fulltime students at public fouryear colleges， and 26% at private ones. Those who take longer to graduate—as many increasingly do—simply rack up more loans.
Unpaid student loans are now second only to mortgages （抵押貸款） when it comes to household debt in America. Though the housing market has been steadily recovering， the share of firsttime buyers continues to decline， and is now at its lowest point in nearly three decades， according to the National Association of Realtors. The homeownership rate among 30yearolds has been tumbling， but the fall has been especially fast among those paying off student loans， according to the New York Fed. So are the soaring costs of college keeping millennials from starting households of their own？ Using longitudinal （縱向的） data on collegegoing Americans who were aged between 12 and 17 in 1997， the authors found that studentloan debtors were in fact more likely than nondebtors to own a house by the age of 30. But this was mostly because debtors tended to be older， employed， married and with children， and the debt was largely irrelevant.
Others have found that student debt may delay homeownership， but does not deter it entirely. Young debtors were less likely to own a home than their debtfree peers. Yet when the authors confined their analysis to college graduates， they found that debtors in their late20s were more likely to own a home than nondebtors. So the reason for the delay in homebuying among those with student loans seems to have been that many had dropped out before earning their degree.
The decline in young homeowners seems to be part of a larger trend of deferring （推迟） the conventional trappings of adulthood. The share of 18 to 34yearolds who are married with children has fallen from 27% in 2000 to 20% in 2015. Several studies have asked whether student debt is nudging youngsters to put off marriage vows and stick to birth control， but the link seems tenuous. As for homeownership， perhaps the biggest challenge facing young homebuyers is the fact that prices have outpaced income growth for 15 years.
The amount of debt a student has is often less important than the college or the degree. Students with the most debt often have the greatest earning power， as degrees in business， law and medicine tend to be especially costly. The young adults who tend to be most hobbled by their student debt are those who either dropped out or went somewhere nonselective.
There are even signs that taking on more student debt reduces the odds of bouncing back home to live with ones parents， as long as it results in a degree. In an analysis of longitudinal data on collegegoing Americans born between 1980 and 1984， Mr. Houle and Cody Warner of Montana State University found that the young adults who returned home tended to be younger， underemployed， modestly indebted and from privileged homes. College dropouts had a particularly high risk of returning to the nest. Every 10% rise in college debt reduced the odds of returning home by around 17%.
Millennials may be sluggish （怠惰的） about starting their own households， but college graduates are more likely to do so than their lesseducated peers， according to the Pew Research Centre. The earnings of young degreeholders are nearly double those of young highschool graduates. There is little question that the rising cost of college education is a problem， but the cost of not going—or， worse， dropping out—is higher still. 45. The following factors have led to the increasing studentloan balances EXCEPT .
A. the rising college tuition costs
B. the increasing state spending on education
C. the increasing number of undergraduates
D. more undergraduates failing to get a degree on time
46. We can see a trend in Paragraph 3 that .
A. more 30yearolds dont own a house
B. fewer studentloan debtors can afford a house
C. more families are unable to pay off student loans
D. student loans account for most household debt in America.
47. According to Paragraphs 4 and 5， student debt .
A. makes it hard for debtors to get a college degree
B. encourages debtors to get employed and married
C. leads to an increasing number of dropouts.
D. wont keep debtors from buying a house
48. The underlined word “tenuous” in Paragraph 6 is the closest meaning to .
A. weak B. normal
C. obvious D. informal
49. According to the passage， students with the most debt are more likely to .
A. work hard
B. live with their parents
C. be financially promising
D. drop out of college
50. What can we know from the last paragraph？
A. College graduates may get married earlier than their lesseducated peers.
B. Its worthwhile to get a college degree despite the debt.
C. The cost of college education needs to be lowered.
D. Most millennials have got college degrees.
四、任務型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought， a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says childrens early attachment to parents has farreaching consequences for their ability to speak， learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security， it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child development and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.
But the report from the Sutton Trust education charity， entitled Baby Bonds， makes the case that it has an important impact on childrens future educational chances as well as their emotional wellbeing. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue， including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory， it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behaviour before they reach school. And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life， with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression， defiance and hyperactivity later in life. The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found， from their observations， that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added， “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behaviour. These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. Its really only as we understand more about these behaviour problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents.”
Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said， “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility， as there is such a clear link to education， behaviour and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life， with a 19month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.”
This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving childrens life chances. “More support from health visitors， childrens centres and local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap.”
五、書面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面的文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要阐述坚持梦想的重要性；
3. 谈谈你的梦想，并分析实现梦想的必要要素（不少于两点）。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考答案
一、1—5 CDACA 6—10 CBDDD 11—15 BDBAC
二、16—20 DBACB 21—25 CBADC
26—30 ADBCD 31—35 BADBA
三、36—37 DC 38—40 DBC 41—44 ADCC
45—50 BADACB
四、51. greatly / largely 52. analysed 53. observing 54. close 55. attachment 56. lack
57. biggest / largest 58. hiding / escaping
59. status 60. combined / joint
五、One possible version：
Most people have a dream， but those who make it a reality are few and far between. Therefore， what counts is to have the same determination as the boy did.
Life without a dream proves to be a frozen field. However， the dream turns out to be an empty slogan unless you devote the constant efforts to fulfilling it. Nobody can achieve anything without persistence. Accordingly， one of the secrets to success is holding fast to your dream whatever it happens.
I have a dream that one day I can make a commitment to the education in the remote places where children are thirsty for knowledge. I hope that my devotion will make a difference to their lives. To realize the dream not only should I equip myself with abundant knowledge but also inspire more people to join me in helping those poor children. After all， many hands make light work.