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一、 词语例解
1. produce
n. what you grow on a farm. etc.农产品；产物（总数，不可数）
The farmer brought his produce to the market. 农民把他的农产品带到市场。
My cousin sells her garden produce in the market. 我表姐在市场上卖自己菜园里的蔬菜。
The place is known for its dairy produce.这地方因生产乳品而出名。
v. 1) bring something out to show it拿出；展示；出示
Produce your ticket, please. 请把票子出示一下。
He produced from his pocket a bunch of keys.他从口袋里掏出一串钥匙。
2) give fruit, crops, etc.生产；出产
We produce more grain this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的粮食比去年（生产的）多。
The factory produces a hundred cars a day. 这家工厂一天生产一百辆汽车。
【辨析】 produce，product，production
produce作动词是生产、制造的意思，作名词用是产品、产物的意思，主要用于指农产品，为不可数名词；product是产品、产物的意思，是最普通的用语，可指天然的或人造的，多指工业产品，也可指农产品，还可指脑力劳动、意志力、环境等的产物。production是“生产、产量”的意思。指生产时，是指生产行为，指产品时，侧重产量，也可指文学艺术作品。例如：
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less. 我们必须增产粮食，以减少粮食进口。
Things produced on a farm, such as milk, potatoes, and wool, are produce. 农场里生产的东西，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛，都是农产品。
These are the products of our factory.这些是我们厂的产品。
The production of cloth by hand has been replaced by that by machine.手工生产的布料已被机器生产的所取代。
This book on political history is the writer’s latest production.这本行政历史书是作者的最新作品。
2. technique
n. way of doing something 技术；技巧
Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克·福斯伯里有一种跳高的新技术。
They need to learn modern management techniques.他们还得学习现代管理技术。
We should learn the advanced techniques from other countries. 我们应该学习别国的先进技术
【拓展】 technicaladj. of special, practical knowledge 技术的；技能的
Technical advances improve productivity.技术进步提高生产力。
The job calls for technical skill.做这项工作需要专门技术。
3. method
n. way of doing something 方法；方式
What’s the best method of cooking beef? 烧牛肉的最好方法是什么？
The new method is a good one. 这个新方法很好。
The new method works well in practice. 新方法在实践中行之有效。
【辨析】 means, way, method
means着重于具体的手段，常与介词by搭配；way是普通用语,指做事情的方法,也可泛指思想方法、生活方式等，常指一般的方式方法或个人的特殊方式方法，与技巧或效果的好坏无关，多与介词in搭配；method指有系统的有效率的精心拟定的方法。例如：
We must help him by all possible means. 我们必须想尽一切办法来帮助他。
I worked out this problem in this way. 我用这种方法算出了这道题。
The scientist is showing the method of scientific farming to the peasants.那位科学家正在向农民示范科学种田的方法。
4. golden
adj. of gold or like gold in value or colour金黄色的；金制的
The field around us looked like a golden sea. 我们周围的田地看起来像一片金黄色的海洋。
You should not let slip the golden opportunity. 你不应当错过这个好机会。
【辨析】 gold, golden
两词都为“金色的”，但有区别。gold 强调的是物质，而golden强调的是颜色；gold表示某物是“金制的”，或“含有金子的”意思；而golden表示某物在外表或色彩上类似金子，其实不是由金子制作的。例如：
I bought a gold watch.我买了一块金表。
A girl with golden hair was sitting beside him.他旁边坐着一位金发女郎。
5. practical
adj. 1) of doing实践的；实际的
Practical experience is often very important.实践经验往往是很重要的。
Earning a living is a practical matter. 谋生是个实际问题。
2) able to do useful things有实际经验的；实用的
He is a practical man and doesn’t like empty talk. 他是一个注重实干的人，不喜欢空谈。
She was a simple, practical, hardworking woman.她简朴,实际,勤奋。
3) sensible and possible 明智的；可行的
Rowing across the Atlantic is not a practical idea. 划船横渡大西洋不是个明智的想法。
6. guide
v. 1) to show the right way; to lead 领路；带领
He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。
The dog guided the blind man across the road. 那条狗领着盲人过马路。
2) teach or help someone指导
Teachers should guide the students in their studies. 教师应当指导学生学习。
This is the guiding principle in our work. 这是我们工作的指导原则。
n. a person or book which shows you where to go向导；指南
It’s an important guide to the study of science. 它是学科学的重要指导。
A guide will show you round the Palace.一位导游将带领你们参观宫殿。
二、 短语精析
1. depend on依靠；依赖；取决于
You cannot depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你的父母。
The map is a thing to be depended on when you are in a strange place. 在陌生的地方你就得靠地图。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成败取决于每个人是否努力工作。
【拓展】 That / It (all) depends.“这很难说；得看情况。”
I may help you, but that depends. 我也许会帮助你，但得视情况而定。
构成句型depend on/upon it that ...，意为“指望……；对……不怀疑”。例如：
You may depend on it that she will help you. 你可以相信她会帮助你的。
You may depend on it that he will join our club.你可以不用怀疑他会加入我们俱乐部。
2. bring in引进；带进来；赚钱
New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world. 中国自从对外开放以来，引进了很多新的思想。
The thief was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back. 那个贼双手反绑着被带了进来。
The sale of his new records brought in 1 million dollars.他的新唱片的销售赚了一百万美金。
He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job.他的新工作使他每个月多赚100美元。
3. go against违背，违反；对……不利
If you go against nature, you will be punished sooner or later. 如果你违背自然规律，你迟早会受到惩罚。
She went against her father’s will.她违背了爸爸的意愿。
Luck has gone against him.他不走运。
The game is going against the visiting team.这场比赛对客队不利。
4. year by year 年年；逐年
I grow taller year by year. 我一年年长高。
Year by year their affection for each other grew stronger. 他们相爱逐年加深。
【辨析】 year by year表示每年都有所变化；year after year表示一年年一成不变。例如：
The flowers remain the same year after year while people change year by year. 年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同。
She sent money year after year to help the poor.她年年送钱帮助穷人。
三、句式点睛
1. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. 正是在这片可耕作的土地上，农民们生产出养活全中国人的食物。
句中It is ... that ... 是it引导的强调句式，强调地点状语on this arable land。强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that／who…”。强调句型可强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。例如：
It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday． (强调地点状语)
It was yesterday that I met my old teacher in the park．(强调时间状语)
It was my old teacher that I met in the park yesterday．(强调宾语)
It is Mr. Smith who / that thinks Tom is a clever boy．(强调主语)
在强调句型中，连接词一般用that。如被强调的部分指人时，可用who(m) / that，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等。例如：
It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning．
It is our parents, that / whom we often turn to for help．
当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。如果被强调的主语是人称、代词，宜用主格，但有时也可用宾格。例如：
It is I who am going to attend the meeting．
It is Tom who often helps me with my English．
It was I / me who cleaned the classroom．
【体味高考】
1. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_______ attracted the audience’s interest. （2002上海）
A. this B. that C. what D. in which
2. It was after he got what he had desired_______ he realized it was not so important.（2006 辽宁）
A. thatB. whenC. since D. as
【简析】 答案是：1. B2. A。判断强调句型的方法是：如果去掉 “It is／was…that／who”，并将原句稍作调整，它仍是一个完整的句子。
2． To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible. 为了尽量利用土地，人们每年在可能的地方种植两种或更多的农作物。
as possible, where possible是被省略主语和系动词的状语从句，完整的形式是as it is possible和where it is possible。当时间、条件、方式和地点状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且谓语部分有系动词be时，就可以将从句的主语和系动词省略。例如：
Don’t speak until（you are）spoken to. 有人对你说话时，你才开口。
Once （it is） seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦看见它，便会终生难忘。
If （it is） necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如果有必要，我们就往家里打电报。
Come to see me at once, whenever （it is） possible.如果有可能，就立即来见我。
【体味高考】
1. Unless_______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
2. When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
【简析】 1. A2. A。在时间、条件、原因状语从句中，当其谓语结构为“主语＋be＋分词”，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。
3. The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow. 这些蔬菜的根部不是种植在地里，而是挂在含有它们生长所需要营养的水中。
not ... but ... 意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分，后面可跟名词、形容词、副词、短语、从句等。例如：
My bag is not black but red.我的书包不是黑的而是红的。
The letter is addressed not to me but to you.这封信不是写给我的而是写给你的。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard.他失败了不是因为他不聪明而是因为他没努力。
not ... but ... 连接两个名词在句中作主语时，强调后者，谓语动词与but后的名词保持一致。例如：
Not I but Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV. 不是我而是汤姆和玛丽喜欢看电视。
【体味高考】
Not only I but also Jane and Mary_______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. isB. are C. am D. be
【简析】 答案为B。由not only ... but also ... 连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据就近一致原则决定。
1. produce
n. what you grow on a farm. etc.农产品；产物（总数，不可数）
The farmer brought his produce to the market. 农民把他的农产品带到市场。
My cousin sells her garden produce in the market. 我表姐在市场上卖自己菜园里的蔬菜。
The place is known for its dairy produce.这地方因生产乳品而出名。
v. 1) bring something out to show it拿出；展示；出示
Produce your ticket, please. 请把票子出示一下。
He produced from his pocket a bunch of keys.他从口袋里掏出一串钥匙。
2) give fruit, crops, etc.生产；出产
We produce more grain this year than we did last year. 我们今年生产的粮食比去年（生产的）多。
The factory produces a hundred cars a day. 这家工厂一天生产一百辆汽车。
【辨析】 produce，product，production
produce作动词是生产、制造的意思，作名词用是产品、产物的意思，主要用于指农产品，为不可数名词；product是产品、产物的意思，是最普通的用语，可指天然的或人造的，多指工业产品，也可指农产品，还可指脑力劳动、意志力、环境等的产物。production是“生产、产量”的意思。指生产时，是指生产行为，指产品时，侧重产量，也可指文学艺术作品。例如：
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less. 我们必须增产粮食，以减少粮食进口。
Things produced on a farm, such as milk, potatoes, and wool, are produce. 农场里生产的东西，如牛奶、土豆、羊毛，都是农产品。
These are the products of our factory.这些是我们厂的产品。
The production of cloth by hand has been replaced by that by machine.手工生产的布料已被机器生产的所取代。
This book on political history is the writer’s latest production.这本行政历史书是作者的最新作品。
2. technique
n. way of doing something 技术；技巧
Dick Fosbury had a new technique for doing the high jump. 迪克·福斯伯里有一种跳高的新技术。
They need to learn modern management techniques.他们还得学习现代管理技术。
We should learn the advanced techniques from other countries. 我们应该学习别国的先进技术
【拓展】 technicaladj. of special, practical knowledge 技术的；技能的
Technical advances improve productivity.技术进步提高生产力。
The job calls for technical skill.做这项工作需要专门技术。
3. method
n. way of doing something 方法；方式
What’s the best method of cooking beef? 烧牛肉的最好方法是什么？
The new method is a good one. 这个新方法很好。
The new method works well in practice. 新方法在实践中行之有效。
【辨析】 means, way, method
means着重于具体的手段，常与介词by搭配；way是普通用语,指做事情的方法,也可泛指思想方法、生活方式等，常指一般的方式方法或个人的特殊方式方法，与技巧或效果的好坏无关，多与介词in搭配；method指有系统的有效率的精心拟定的方法。例如：
We must help him by all possible means. 我们必须想尽一切办法来帮助他。
I worked out this problem in this way. 我用这种方法算出了这道题。
The scientist is showing the method of scientific farming to the peasants.那位科学家正在向农民示范科学种田的方法。
4. golden
adj. of gold or like gold in value or colour金黄色的；金制的
The field around us looked like a golden sea. 我们周围的田地看起来像一片金黄色的海洋。
You should not let slip the golden opportunity. 你不应当错过这个好机会。
【辨析】 gold, golden
两词都为“金色的”，但有区别。gold 强调的是物质，而golden强调的是颜色；gold表示某物是“金制的”，或“含有金子的”意思；而golden表示某物在外表或色彩上类似金子，其实不是由金子制作的。例如：
I bought a gold watch.我买了一块金表。
A girl with golden hair was sitting beside him.他旁边坐着一位金发女郎。
5. practical
adj. 1) of doing实践的；实际的
Practical experience is often very important.实践经验往往是很重要的。
Earning a living is a practical matter. 谋生是个实际问题。
2) able to do useful things有实际经验的；实用的
He is a practical man and doesn’t like empty talk. 他是一个注重实干的人，不喜欢空谈。
She was a simple, practical, hardworking woman.她简朴,实际,勤奋。
3) sensible and possible 明智的；可行的
Rowing across the Atlantic is not a practical idea. 划船横渡大西洋不是个明智的想法。
6. guide
v. 1) to show the right way; to lead 领路；带领
He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。
The dog guided the blind man across the road. 那条狗领着盲人过马路。
2) teach or help someone指导
Teachers should guide the students in their studies. 教师应当指导学生学习。
This is the guiding principle in our work. 这是我们工作的指导原则。
n. a person or book which shows you where to go向导；指南
It’s an important guide to the study of science. 它是学科学的重要指导。
A guide will show you round the Palace.一位导游将带领你们参观宫殿。
二、 短语精析
1. depend on依靠；依赖；取决于
You cannot depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你的父母。
The map is a thing to be depended on when you are in a strange place. 在陌生的地方你就得靠地图。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成败取决于每个人是否努力工作。
【拓展】 That / It (all) depends.“这很难说；得看情况。”
I may help you, but that depends. 我也许会帮助你，但得视情况而定。
构成句型depend on/upon it that ...，意为“指望……；对……不怀疑”。例如：
You may depend on it that she will help you. 你可以相信她会帮助你的。
You may depend on it that he will join our club.你可以不用怀疑他会加入我们俱乐部。
2. bring in引进；带进来；赚钱
New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world. 中国自从对外开放以来，引进了很多新的思想。
The thief was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back. 那个贼双手反绑着被带了进来。
The sale of his new records brought in 1 million dollars.他的新唱片的销售赚了一百万美金。
He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job.他的新工作使他每个月多赚100美元。
3. go against违背，违反；对……不利
If you go against nature, you will be punished sooner or later. 如果你违背自然规律，你迟早会受到惩罚。
She went against her father’s will.她违背了爸爸的意愿。
Luck has gone against him.他不走运。
The game is going against the visiting team.这场比赛对客队不利。
4. year by year 年年；逐年
I grow taller year by year. 我一年年长高。
Year by year their affection for each other grew stronger. 他们相爱逐年加深。
【辨析】 year by year表示每年都有所变化；year after year表示一年年一成不变。例如：
The flowers remain the same year after year while people change year by year. 年年岁岁花相似，岁岁年年人不同。
She sent money year after year to help the poor.她年年送钱帮助穷人。
三、句式点睛
1. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. 正是在这片可耕作的土地上，农民们生产出养活全中国人的食物。
句中It is ... that ... 是it引导的强调句式，强调地点状语on this arable land。强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that／who…”。强调句型可强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语(主语补语)、让步状语、条件状语等。例如：
It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday． (强调地点状语)
It was yesterday that I met my old teacher in the park．(强调时间状语)
It was my old teacher that I met in the park yesterday．(强调宾语)
It is Mr. Smith who / that thinks Tom is a clever boy．(强调主语)
在强调句型中，连接词一般用that。如被强调的部分指人时，可用who(m) / that，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等。例如：
It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning．
It is our parents, that / whom we often turn to for help．
当强调的是主语时，其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。如果被强调的主语是人称、代词，宜用主格，但有时也可用宾格。例如：
It is I who am going to attend the meeting．
It is Tom who often helps me with my English．
It was I / me who cleaned the classroom．
【体味高考】
1. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_______ attracted the audience’s interest. （2002上海）
A. this B. that C. what D. in which
2. It was after he got what he had desired_______ he realized it was not so important.（2006 辽宁）
A. thatB. whenC. since D. as
【简析】 答案是：1. B2. A。判断强调句型的方法是：如果去掉 “It is／was…that／who”，并将原句稍作调整，它仍是一个完整的句子。
2． To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible. 为了尽量利用土地，人们每年在可能的地方种植两种或更多的农作物。
as possible, where possible是被省略主语和系动词的状语从句，完整的形式是as it is possible和where it is possible。当时间、条件、方式和地点状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且谓语部分有系动词be时，就可以将从句的主语和系动词省略。例如：
Don’t speak until（you are）spoken to. 有人对你说话时，你才开口。
Once （it is） seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦看见它，便会终生难忘。
If （it is） necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如果有必要，我们就往家里打电报。
Come to see me at once, whenever （it is） possible.如果有可能，就立即来见我。
【体味高考】
1. Unless_______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003上海春)
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
2. When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year. (2002上海春)
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
【简析】 1. A2. A。在时间、条件、原因状语从句中，当其谓语结构为“主语＋be＋分词”，且主、从句主语一致时，可省略从句的连接词、主语和be助动词，只保留分词和其它成分。
3. The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow. 这些蔬菜的根部不是种植在地里，而是挂在含有它们生长所需要营养的水中。
not ... but ... 意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分，后面可跟名词、形容词、副词、短语、从句等。例如：
My bag is not black but red.我的书包不是黑的而是红的。
The letter is addressed not to me but to you.这封信不是写给我的而是写给你的。
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard.他失败了不是因为他不聪明而是因为他没努力。
not ... but ... 连接两个名词在句中作主语时，强调后者，谓语动词与but后的名词保持一致。例如：
Not I but Tom and Mary are fond of watching TV. 不是我而是汤姆和玛丽喜欢看电视。
【体味高考】
Not only I but also Jane and Mary_______ tired of having one examination after another.
A. isB. are C. am D. be
【简析】 答案为B。由not only ... but also ... 连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常根据就近一致原则决定。