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本文选取独立核算工业企业为对象,对中国国有工业部门1993-1997年的绩效变动及其与非国有工业部门在行业分组层次上绩效差异的产生原因进行了实证研究。结果发现,虽然国有工业部门绩效的下降与非国有工业企业的进入以及竞争因素有关,但是来自于非国有工业部门的竞争并不能解释国有与非国有工业部门之间的绩效差异。这表明将国有工业部门在20世纪90年代的绩效下降趋势简单归结为竞争能力低下是有失偏颇的。进而指出,国有工业部门在按市场信号对劳动和资本要素进行配置的过程中所面临的非市场性约束或者制度性限制是造成国有工业部门绩效相对较低的重要原因。
This paper chooses independent accounting industrial enterprises as the object, and makes an empirical study on the performance changes of the state-owned industrial sectors in China from 1993 to 1997 and the reasons for the differences in performance between the state-owned industrial sectors and the non-state industrial sectors. The results show that although the decline in the performance of the state-owned industrial sector is related to the entry of non-state-owned industrial enterprises and competition factors, the competition from the non-state-owned industrial sectors does not explain the performance differences between state-owned and non-state-owned industrial sectors. This shows that it is biased to simply attribute the declining trend of the performance of the state-owned industrial sector in the 1990s to the low competitiveness. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the non-market constraints or institutional constraints faced by state-owned industrial sectors in allocating labor and capital elements according to market signals are the main reasons for the relatively low performance of state-owned industrial sectors.