我国经济、科技、社会发展正处于世纪之交的关键时期,科学技术对推动物质文明和精神文明发展,促进经济增长方式的转化起着十分重要的作用。一、科技体制改革的成绩和不足回顾十几年来的科技体制改革的历程,我们取得了很大成绩。总的情况是科学技术工作面向经济建设的局面已基本形成,而经济发展依靠科学技术的机制尚未健全,新旧体制并存,如何把科技因素从外生变量,转变为经济增长的内生要素是我们深入研究的重要课题。就科技领域而言,从科技界内部考虑较多,而从科技与经济相互作用、相互促进、要素重新组合考虑较少;从改进科技供给角度考虑较多、从促进对科技需求、衔接供需角度考虑较少。其结果不仅经济建设未能走上依靠科技进步的轨道,而且影响了科技竞争力的提高。在支持方式上,偏重支持项目而对基地支持不够。改革的层次主要在微观层次围绕各研究单位的微观结构调整展开,而在宏观层次上如何改变科技工作多头管理、力量分散的状况力度不够。改革的方式,注重存量调整不够;宏观干预多,赋予微观单位自主权不 China's economy, science and technology and social development are at a critical juncture at the turn of the century. Science and technology play an important role in promoting the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization and promoting the transformation of the mode of economic growth. I. Achievements and Shortcomings in the Reform of Science and Technology System We have made great achievements in reviewing the history of science and technology system reform in the past decade. The general situation is that the situation of scientific and technological work oriented to economic construction has basically taken shape. However, the mechanism for economic development relying on science and technology has not yet been fully established and the old and new systems coexist. The endogenous factor of transforming scientific and technological factors from exogenous variables to economic growth is what we In-depth study of the important issues. In the field of science and technology, there are many considerations from within the scientific and technological community. However, there is less consideration from the interaction between science and technology and economy, the reorganization of elements, and from the perspective of improving the supply of science and technology. In terms of promoting the demand for science and technology and linking supply and demand, Consider less. As a result, economic development has failed to embark on relying on scientific and technological progress and has also affected the improvement of scientific and technological competitiveness. In the way of support, emphasis on support projects and support for the base is not enough. At the macro level, the level of reform mainly focuses on the micro-structural adjustment of research institutes at the micro level. However, at the macro level, there is not enough strength on how to change the long-term management of scientific and technological work and the dispersion of power. The way of reform, pay attention to the stock adjustment is not enough; macro-intervention, giving the autonomy of the micro-unit is not