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探讨了担孢子及其孢壁的超微结构在灵芝科真菌鉴定研究中的应用。研究表明，灵芝、紫芝担孢子的显微形态相似（均呈卵圆形），但在扫描电镜下观察到的超微结构差异显著。灵芝担孢子大小为５．２６～６．０５μｍ×７．８９～８．６４μｍ，顶端平截或钝圆锥形，表面分布着一些或明或暗的微小的凹陷或坑穴；而紫芝担孢子大小为６．８４～７．３７μｍ×１０．２６～１１．０５μｍ，顶端脐突，表面有纵向分布的或长或短的沟、嵴和数条环状波纹；这两种担孢子近基部处均有一疣状突起物。此外，采用超声波破壁－电子探针技术直接观察孢壁构造。研究表明，灵芝、紫芝的孢壁均分内外两层，中间由支柱连结；两者孢壁的厚度分别为０．８～１．１μｍ和１．１～１．４μｍ；在灵芝担孢子底部的内孢壁上观察到一种脐，其位置与孢子表面的疣状突起物相对应。Ｘ－射线能谱点扫描分析结果表明，构成灵芝孢壁的１０多种无机元素中以硅（１９．０１％）、钙（２４．３１％）为主。通过对担孢子超微结构的观察比较，为灵芝科真菌的鉴定提出了一种直观的方法。
The application of the ultrastructure of basidiomycetes and its spore wall in the identification of fungi from Ganoderma lucidum was discussed. The results showed that the morphology of Ganoderma lucidum and P. purpurea were similar (all oval), but the ultrastructural differences observed under scanning electron microscope were significant. Ganoderma lucidum basidiomycete size of 5.26 ~ 6.05μm × 7.89 ~ 8.64μm, the top truncated or blunt cone, the surface distribution of some small or bright or dark pits or pits; and purple spore size Were 6.84 ~ 7.37μm × 10.26 ~ 11.05μm, the top of the umbilical process, the surface of the longitudinal distribution of long or short ditch, ridge and a few ring-shaped ripples; There is a verrucous protrusion. In addition, the use of ultrasonic broken wall - electron probe technology to directly observe the spore wall structure. The results showed that the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum were divided into two layers, the middle and the outer layer were connected by pillars. The thickness of the spore wall was 0.8 ~ 1.1μm and 1.1 ~ 1.4μm respectively. An umbilicus is observed on the inner wall of spores, corresponding to the verrucous protrusions on the spore surface. X-ray energy spectrum point-scan analysis showed that silicon (19.01%) and calcium (24.31%) were the major components of more than 10 kinds of inorganic elements forming Ganoderma spore wall. Through the observation and comparison of the ultrastructure of basidiomycetes, an intuitive method was proposed for the identification of ganoderma fungi.