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本文阐述了有关于亚里士多德的幸福观。在古希腊关于幸福的理解中,有一类是将幸福与感官快乐等同起来,以感觉上的快乐或痛苦作为幸福和不幸福的分界,其极端表现是纵欲享乐主义;另一类是将快乐与道德对立起来,否定感官快乐的价值,把快乐排除在幸福之外,其极端形态是禁欲苦行主义。在《尼各马可伦理学》的伦理学著作中,深受理性主义浸润的亚里士多德,没有追寻柏拉图的思路,而是将其哲学思想逐渐转向了现实和经验。他认为幸福是灵魂的合乎德性的实现活动。幸福既是一种好的生活状态,又是一种现实的活动,是人们追求的最高善。
This article elaborates on the idea of happiness about Aristotle. In ancient Greek understanding of happiness, there is a category of happiness and sensory pleasure equal to the feeling of happiness or pain as a demarcation between happiness and unhappiness, the extreme performance is the desire for hedonism; the other is the pleasure and the Moral opposition, denial of the value of sensual pleasure, happiness out of happiness, the extreme form of abstinence asceticism. Aristotle deeply infiltrated with rationalism in the ethnological writings of Nicomacher’s ethics, instead of pursuing Plato’s thinking, gradually turned his philosophical thinking toward reality and experience. He believes that happiness is the moral realization of the soul. Happiness is not only a good living condition, but also a realistic activity, which is the supreme good that people pursue.