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免耕播种技术能够提高土壤的蓄水保墒能力、增加土壤有机质含量,因此在华北平原农作区被广为接受。该地区的耕作制度为小麦与玉米周年轮作,冬小麦在6月份收获,随后在小麦秸秆覆盖地上直接进行玉米免耕播种作业。受小麦秸秆的影响,播种后玉米种子的粒距均匀性和播种深度一致性很难保证,另外,玉米苗由于被小麦秸秆覆盖容易发生病虫害。为了解决以上问题,发明了一种安装防堵机构和播深控制单体的玉米免耕精量播种机,对该播种机和不带防堵机构和播深控制单体的普通播种机在4、6和8 km/h 3个播种速度下的播种性能进行了对比试验,测量并得出了拨草性能、播种深度、出苗率和粒距分布均匀性(合格率、重播率和漏播率)等指标参数。试验结果表明:防堵机构和播深控制单体能显著提高播种机的拨草性能、播种深度一致性、出苗率和粒距分布均匀性;防堵机构使播种机不易堵塞,播种速度为8 km/h时的凉籽率仅为1.8%;播深控制单体使播种机在所有播种速度下平均播深接近理论播深,播种速度为8 km/h时的播深变异系数仅为9.2%,使得出苗时间更集中,出苗整齐度高。以上结果说明:设计的安装防堵机构和播深控制单体的玉米免耕精量播种机能够满足小麦秸秆覆盖田玉米免耕精量播种的要求。
No-till sowing technology can improve soil water storage capacity, increase soil organic matter content, so in the North China Plain farming area is widely accepted. The farming system in the region is the annual rotation of wheat and maize, with winter wheat harvested in June and subsequent maize no-till sowing operations directly on the wheat straw mulch. Affected by wheat straw, it is hard to guarantee the uniformity of grain distance and the consistency of sowing depth after sowing. In addition, the corn seedling is prone to pests and diseases due to being covered by wheat straw. In order to solve the above problems, a corn seedless precision seeder with an anti-blocking mechanism and a sowing control unit has been invented, and a conventional sowing machine without anti-blocking mechanism and sowing control unit has been used in the 4 , 6 and 8 km / h sowing speed of the three sowing performance were compared experiments were measured and reached the drafting grass performance, sowing depth, emergence rate and uniformity of particle size distribution (pass rate, replay rate and leakage rate ) And other indicators of the parameters. The experimental results showed that the anti-blocking mechanism and the sowing control unit could significantly improve the drafting performance, sowing depth consistency, emergence rate and evenness distribution of the seeder; the anti-blocking mechanism made the seeder easy to block and the sowing speed was 8 km / h, the cold seed rate was only 1.8%. The sowing depth control unit made the sowing machine average sowing depth close to the theoretical sowing depth at all sowing velocities, and the sowing depth variation coefficient at sowing speed of 8 km / h was only 9.2 %, Making the emergence of more concentrated, uniform emergence of high. The above results show that the designed precision seed sowing machine with anti-blocking mechanism and sowing depth control unit can meet the precision sowing requirements of no-tillage corn covering wheat straw.