论文部分内容阅读
黄淮海平原是我国最重要的粮食主产区之一,长期过度开采地下水已导致严重的水资源危机。提高作物水分利用效率是保存地下水资源并维持高产的重要途径。本文首先讨论了提高黄淮海平原作物水分利用效率的策略。研究表明,气孔导度特性遗传变异大,其干旱胁迫响应在品种间差异显著,是影响品种WUE和产量的重要生理因素。通过品种气孔特性和地区水分条件的合理匹配对策可以协同提高作物产量和WUE。其次,讨论了灌溉制度的优化问题,提出黄淮海平原冬小麦灌溉次数至少可以减少1次(从灌溉4次减少到3次),实现在不影响产量的同时降低灌溉水用量,提高作物WUE。最后,讨论提出了秸秆覆盖和选用早发性好的品种是提高地区作物WUE的两种有效措施。
The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of the most important grain-producing areas in China. Over-exploitation of groundwater for a long time has led to a serious water crisis. Increasing the water use efficiency of crops is an important way to conserve groundwater resources and maintain high yield. This paper first discusses the strategy of improving the WUE of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Studies have shown that stomatal conductance characteristics of genetic variation, the drought stress response significantly different varieties, is an important physiological factors affecting the yield and yield of WUE. Through the matching of stomatal characteristics and regional water conditions, crop yield and WUE can be synergistically improved. Secondly, the optimization of irrigation system is discussed. It is suggested that the irrigation frequency of winter wheat in Huanghuaihai Plain can be reduced by at least one time (from 4 times to 3 times), and the amount of irrigation water can be reduced and the WUE of crops can be increased without affecting the yield. Finally, the discussion proposed two effective measures to improve WUE of crops in the region: straw mulching and selection of good early-onset varieties.