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人力资本对经济增长影响的理论与实证研究已相当丰富,但大多数对中国经济增长的研究主要考察人力资本的水平效应,对其结构效应的研究仍有待补充和完善。本文利用中国1996-2012年的省级面板数据研究了人力资本结构、技术距离对地区经济增长的影响,研究发现,技能型与非技能型人力资本的提升均有助于促进经济增长。但从长期来看,随着地区向技术前沿趋近,其经济增长有放缓的内在趋势,由于人力资本结构效应的存在,经济增长趋缓态势因技能型人力资本的提升而弱化,进一步加大技能型人力资本培育是实现长期经济增长的关键。
The theoretical and empirical research on the impact of human capital on economic growth is quite rich. However, most of the studies on China’s economic growth mainly examine the horizontal effect of human capital, and the research on its structural effects remains to be supplemented and improved. Based on the provincial panel data from 1996 to 2012 in China, this paper studies the influence of human capital structure and technological distance on regional economic growth. The study finds that the promotion of both skilled and unskilled human capital can help promote economic growth. However, in the long run, as the region approaches the technological frontier, its economic growth is slowing down. Due to the effect of human capital structure, the slowing down of economic growth is weakened by the upgrading of skilled human capital. As a result, The cultivation of large-skilled human capital is the key to long-term economic growth.