热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)是机体细胞在热应激或其他应激状态下合成增多的一类蛋白质,在细胞的多种功能中具有十分重要的作用。文章主要综述热休克蛋白70作为细胞内保护者在胃肠黏膜对抗细胞毒素和细胞应激中所发挥的“分子伴侣”功能及细胞外HSP70作为免疫系统的“危险信号”的免疫调节功能,以便更好地了解细胞保护和细胞修复机制,为炎性胃肠疾病、肿瘤及自身免疫性疾病等提供新的治疗策略。 Heat shock protein (HSP) is a type of protein that is synthesized in body under heat stress or other stress state and plays an important role in many cell functions. This review summarizes the effects of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) acting as an intracellular protector against the “chaperones” function in gastrointestinal mucosa against cytotoxins and cellular stress and the “danger signal” of extracellular HSP70 as an immune system Regulate functions to better understand cytoprotective and cell repair mechanisms and to provide new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, oncology and autoimmune diseases.