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在二十世纪初古典物理学出现危机的关键时刻,爱因斯坦是推动物理学革命思想的一面光辉旗帜。他独自发现了狭义相对论和广义相对论,从根本上改变了传统的绝对时空观念,将时空、物质和作用力通过对称性统一起来。从狭义相对论出发,他提出了质量和能量等价的公式,开辟了原子能的时代。从广义相对论和核能出发,他和一批科学家发展了宇宙构造和起源的模式,他提出的宇宙常数预示了产生排斥力的暗能量的存在。他和普兰克及玻尔一起是量子论的主要奠基人,他提出了集波动性和粒子性于一身的光量子学说,解释了光电效应,促进了量子波动力学的发现。他发展了原子论和统计力学,解释了从布朗运动、固体比热到受激辐射等一系列现象,他和玻色合作,建立了玻色-爱因斯坦量子统计理论,预见了玻色凝聚态的存在。他置疑量子力学提出的量子纠缠态,开辟了量子信息学的新领域。他在晚年致力于统一场论,虽然没有取得他预期的结果,但他提出的从高维几何局域对称性出发进行统一相互作用力的思想至今仍指导着基本相互作用大统一理论的发展方向,在他逝世后的半个世纪中,已经在弱电和强相互作用的统一中得到体现。在爱因斯坦的狭义相对论发表100用年之际,在纪念这位伟大的物理学家的同时,我们更当反思,爱因斯坦何以成为伟人?
At the critical moment of the crisis of classical physics at the beginning of the 20th century, Einstein was a glorious banner promoting the physics revolutionary ideas. He discovered the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity on his own, and fundamentally changed the traditional concept of absolute space-time, uniting time and space, material, and acting forces through symmetry. Starting from the special theory of relativity, he proposed formulas for the equivalence of quality and energy, opening up the era of atomic energy. Starting from general relativity and nuclear energy, he and a group of scientists developed a model of the construction and origin of the universe. His cosmological constants predicted the existence of dark energy that produced repulsive forces. Together with Planck and Bohr, he was the main founder of quantum theory. He proposed the theory of light quantum that combines volatility and particle properties, explained the photoelectric effect, and promoted the discovery of quantum wave dynamics. He developed atomic and statistical mechanics, explained a series of phenomena from Brownian motion, solid specific heat to stimulated radiation, and he cooperated with Bose to establish the Bose-Einstein quantum statistical theory and foresaw the Bose condensation. The existence of states. He questioned the quantum entanglement state proposed by quantum mechanics and opened up a new field of quantum information science. In his later years, he devoted himself to the unified field theory. Although he did not achieve the results he expected, he proposed the idea of uniting the interaction forces from the geometrical symmetry of the high-dimensional geometry. He still guides the development direction of the basic theories of the basic theory of interaction. In the half century after his death, it has been reflected in the unity of weak electricity and strong interaction. When Einstein’s special theory of relativity was published for 100 years, while commemorating this great physicist, we should reflect even more on how Einstein became a great man.