Objective: To investigate the effect of high throughput hemodialysis on soluble transferrin receptor in hemodialysis patients and the improvement of renal anemia. Methods: 132 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis in our hospital from July 2017 to July 2019 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 66 cases each. The observation group was treated with high-flux hemodialysis, while the control group was treated with low-flux hemodialysis for 6 months. Compare two groups before and after treatment serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2 - MG), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, anemia related index [red blood cells deposited (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte percentage (Ret％)], iron metabolism index [serum ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation (TSAT)、Hepcidin(Hepc)], soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels and adverse reactions. Results: the levels of 2-MG, Scr and BUN in the two groups before treatment were compared (P>0.05). After treatment, Scr and BUN levels in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but were compared between the two groups (P>0.05). The level of 2-MG in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, sTfR, Hb, HCT level and Ret％ of the two groups were compared(P>0.05). After treatment, Hb and HCT levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while Ret％ were lower than those in the control group, (P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of ST、TAST、sTfR and Hepc in the two groups were compared (P>0.05). After treatment, the level of ST and TAST in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, The levels of sTfR and Hepc were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group (8.93％) was lower than that in the control group (10.14％), with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The high-throughput hemodialysis department significantly improved renal anemia in hemodialysis patients, reduced serum sTfR level, and had fewer adverse reactions and higher safety.