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近几年来,不断抬头的美国贸易保护主义反映出国内政治与国家间竞争的双重根源。在守成大国与新兴大国之间碰撞的传统现实主义分析视角之外,国际领导力成为分析中美贸易摩擦与两国关系的一个新视角。与霸权与权力等概念不同,国际领导力需要具备四个要素:倡导价值观、提供共同目标、展现良好行为、赢得国际威望。从国际体系层次上考察,贸易摩擦是中美国际领导权竞争的战略工具,两国为应对贸易摩擦均采取了一系列战略举措。两国国内结构性矛盾决定了中美贸易摩擦具有必然性和长期性。经济相互依存程度提高带来中美贸易摩擦局面的根本改变。美国在中美贸易摩擦中滥用贸易保护主义显露出霸权衰落的征兆。中美都面临着提升国际领导力与短期现实国家利益之间的权衡。
In recent years, the rising U.S. trade protectionism has reflected the dual roots of domestic politics and competition among nations. Beyond the traditional realist analysis of the collision between big and emerging powers, international leadership has become a new perspective for analyzing Sino-US trade friction and the relations between the two countries. Unlike concepts such as hegemony and power, international leadership needs four elements: promoting values, providing common goals, demonstrating good behavior and gaining international prestige. Examining from the international system level, trade friction is a strategic tool for the international leadership competition between China and the United States. Both countries adopted a series of strategic measures in response to the trade friction. The structural contradictions between the two countries have determined the necessity and long-term nature of the trade friction between China and the United States. The improvement of economic interdependence brings fundamental changes in Sino-U.S. Trade friction. The abuse of trade protectionism by the United States in the trade friction between China and the United States shows signs of a decline in hegemony. Both China and the United States are facing a trade-off between raising international leadership and short-term, realistic national interests.