房柱法开采时回采巷道中作业安全和地面的完整性,在很大程度上决定于房间矿柱形成的质量。经验表明,房间矿柱形成的质量既决定于矿山地质条件和生产技术因素,又决定于作业控制方法。房间矿柱形成的质量,由矿山测量队测定其在采矿巷道中相对固定的方向或根据某些测点测定其方向予以控制。矿山技术监督员给矿山测量员规定方向,用于标定工作面的中线,据以按凿岩爆破说明书布置炮孔和有效地控制回采矿房和矿柱的实际位置。开采厚度不大(在3～4m 以内)的矿体时,回采巷道中的方向用铅锤标定,而测点固定在巷道顶板上。回采矿房高度大于4～5m 时,测点的固定和铅锤的悬挂都很困难,因为完成这些作业需要使用专门的自行设备,因此只能用 The operation safety and ground integrity of the mining roadway during the mining of the pillar method largely depend on the quality of the pillar formation in the room. Experience has shown that the quality of the pillar formation in a room depends on both the geological conditions of the mine and the technical factors of production, and on the method of operation control. The quality of the formation of the pillars in the room is measured by the mines’ measurement team in a relatively fixed direction in the mining lane or under the control of certain measuring points. The mine technical supervisor specifies the direction for the mine surveyor to calibrate the center line of the working face and accordingly arranges the blast hole according to the drilling and blasting instructions and effectively controls the actual location of the mining house and ore pillar. Mining ore thickness is not (3 ~ 4m within) the ore body, the direction of the mining roadway with lead calibration, and the measuring point fixed on the roadway roof. When the height of the mining house is more than 4 ~ 5m, it is very difficult to fix the measuring points and lead plumbing, because it is necessary to use special equipment for the completion of these operations. Therefore,