促进中小学生数学学力发展是数学教育的重要任务。本文选用了日本“全国学力调查”小学六年级数学试卷,对中国五省部分六年级学生的数学基本知识的掌握情况和灵活应用的能力进行测试,并与日本同龄小学生进行比较,分析两国小学生数学学力的异同,对我国数学课程与教学改革进行一些思考。 It is an important task for mathematics education to promote the development of mathematics in primary and middle school students. This paper selects the sixth grade math test paper of Japan National Quiz Research to test the mastery of math basic knowledge and the ability of flexible application of some sixth grade students in five provinces of China and compare with the same grade Japanese pupils The similarities and differences between elementary school students in maths and majors, and some thoughts on maths curriculum and teaching reform in our country.