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库仑土压力理论至今仍是计算土压力的重要方法而被人们所熟知。通过分析库仑土压力的墙后土楔体的受力特点,特别是深入研究了土楔体与墙的作用力关系,对库仑土压力理论给出了一些修正。认为土楔体和挡土墙之间的作用力(即定义的土压力),并非一定要达到极限状态,所以不能确定土压力的作用方向,但土压力的作用方向必须在其允许的角度范围之内。所以,认为库仑主动土压力为作用方向角度变化范围内的最大值,库仑被动土压力为作用方向角度变化范围内的最小值。对于墙后土楔体,认为墙体和土楔体是两个不同物体,土楔体的形成是因为土中产生潜在破裂面,而原库仑土压力理论要求墙体与土之间也达到临界状态是不必要的。墙体对土楔体的作用力(即土压力)实质就是相当于一物(墙)施加于另一物(土楔体)的力,即使土楔体滑动了,两物之间也并非要滑动。推导了主动土压力计算公式,给出了被动土压力的近似计算方案。算例证明,计算结果与原库仑理论有明显不同。该研究对库仑土压力的修正和求解值得引起重视。
Coulomb’s theory of earth pressure is still an important method of calculating earth pressure so far. By analyzing the force characteristics of the wedge body behind the wall of Coulomb earth pressure, especially the force relationship between the earth wedge and the wall, some amendments to the Coulomb earth pressure theory are given. The force acting between the earth wedge and the retaining wall (ie, the defined earth pressure) does not have to reach the limit state and therefore can not determine the direction of earth pressure, but the direction of earth pressure must be within its permissible range of angles within. Therefore, Coulomb’s active earth pressure is considered to be the maximum value within the range of the action direction angle, and the Coulomb’s passive earth pressure is the minimum value within the range of the action direction angle. For the wedge behind the wall, it is considered that the wall and the wedge are two different objects. The formation of the earth wedge is due to the potential rupture surface in the soil. The theory of the original Coulomb earth pressure also needs the critical between the wall and the earth Status is not necessary. The force exerted on the earth wedge by the wall (ie, earth pressure) is essentially equivalent to the force applied by one (wall) to another (earth wedge). Even if the earth wedge slides, there is no need to slide. The formula of active earth pressure is deduced, and the approximate calculation scheme of passive earth pressure is given. The example shows that the calculation results are obviously different from the original Coulomb theory. The study of Coulomb earth pressure correction and solution worth attention.