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在黑河中游边缘绿洲新垦沙地设计大田试验,研究了不同灌溉量(估算春小麦生育期需水量的0.6、0.8、1.0倍)与施氮量(0、140、221和300 kg/hm~2)对春小麦生长特性、耗水量及产量的影响。结果表明,灌溉与施氮对春小麦植株高度产生一定的影响,但其效果不明显。高灌溉量加大作物的耗水量,春小麦全生育期,高灌溉处理的耗水量比中等灌溉处理与低灌溉处理分别增加16.68%与36.88%。当施氮量小于221 kg/hm~2时,增加施氮量可以提高地上部干物质量、单位面积粒数、单穗粒重与产量,从而提高水分利用效率(WUE);当施氮量大于221 kg/hm~2时,高施氮量使大量干物质滞留于营养器官,导致成熟前物质的转移不充分,同时在土壤水分亏缺的条件下,高施氮处理加重干旱胁迫,从而使221 kg/hm~2处理的地上部干物质量(4 159 kg/hm~2)、单位面积粒数(3 774)、单穗粒重(259.42 mg)、产量(2 132.83 kg/hm~2)与WUE(3.85 kg·mm~(-1)·hm~(-2))在各施氮处理中最高。地上部干物质量、籽粒产量及产量构成要素随灌溉量的增加而增加。低灌溉处理的WUE显著高于中等灌溉处理与高灌溉处理处理,中等灌溉处理与高灌溉处理之间的WUE差异不显著。结果表明,低灌溉处理(春小麦全生育期灌溉量378 mm)与221 kg/hm~2施氮是黑河中游边缘绿洲新垦沙地农田可以获得相对较高的经济产量与高WUE的最佳组合。
Field trials were conducted on newly reclaimed sandy land in the marginal oasis of the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The effects of irrigation volume (estimated 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 times of water requirement during spring growing season) and nitrogen rates (0, 140, 221 and 300 kg / hm ~ 2 ) On growth characteristics, water consumption and yield of spring wheat. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application had a certain impact on the height of spring wheat plants, but the effect was not obvious. The high irrigation amount increased the water consumption of crops, and the water consumption of spring wheat increased by 16.68% and 36.88% compared with middle irrigation and low irrigation, respectively. When the amount of nitrogen application was less than 221 kg / hm ~ 2, increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the WUE, the number of grain per unit area, the grain weight per panicle and the yield, thus increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) At the rate of 221 kg / hm ~ 2, the high N application rate caused a large amount of dry matter to stay in the vegetative organs, resulting in insufficient transfer of substances before ripening. Under the conditions of soil water deficit, high N application aggravated drought stress, The dry matter weight (4 159 kg / hm ~ 2), grain number per unit area (3 774), grain weight per spike (259.42 mg) and yield (2 132.83 kg / hm ~ 2) And WUE (3.85 kg · mm -1 · hm -2) were the highest in all N treatments. Above ground dry weight, grain yield and yield components increased with the increase of irrigation volume. The WUE of low irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of middle irrigation treatment and high irrigation treatment, and the WUE difference between middle irrigation treatment and high irrigation treatment was not significant. The results showed that low irrigation (378 mm irrigation during the whole growth period of spring wheat) and 221 kg / hm ~ 2 nitrogen fertilization were the best combination of high economic yield and high WUE in newly reclaimed sandy farmland in the edge oasis of Heihe River .