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本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的试验结果。该试验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地。利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析。在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现:在泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群。颗粒分布分析结果差异更大:早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多的是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内。E型大肠菌群与0.9~1.5μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性。因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染“早期预报系统”。除了水污染,颗粒分布还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀。
This paper discusses the role of sediment and suspended particles / colloids in the decay and migration of pollutants in karst water system, and presents the experimental results on the relationship between particulate matter and microbial contamination in a karst water system in Switzerland. The test site includes a sinkhole that receives drainage from the farmland and two springs connected to it. One of the springs is the water supply source. The particle size distribution in spring water was monitored by portable particle counter in real time. At the same time, the turbidity, total organic carbon and other parameters were monitored continuously. The type E coliform in water was also analyzed. Two different manifestations of turbidity were observed after the torrential rains. Turbidity initially manifested as secondary migration of sediment within the karst system under recurrent hydrodynamic conditions as spring excretion increased; turbidity observed a few days later The degree indicates that water has gone from the sinkhole to Quankou and often has high total organic carbon, nitrate and E-type coliforms. Particle distribution analysis results are even more different: Early turbidity was a mixture of particles of different particle sizes, whereas later turbidity was more composed of finer particles because large particles had been deposited in the karst system Inside. E-type coliform bacteria and 0.9 ~ 1.5μm particles have a good correlation between. Thus the relative increase of finer particles can be applied to microbial contamination “early warning system ”. In addition to water pollution, particle distribution can also help us to study other issues of karst environment, such as soil erosion.