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目的分析女性围绝经期症状发生的影响因素,为围绝经期女性健康指导提供依据。方法选择2015—2016年10月在海盐县妇幼保健院妇科门诊就诊的41~60岁本地户籍女性为研究对象,采用改良Kupperman评分表对围绝经期症状进行评估,分析围绝经期症状发生的影响因素。结果共调查1 973名妇女,平均(48.4±4.2)岁。1 353人(68.57%)至少有1项围绝期症状,其中轻度683人(34.62%)、中度185人(9.38%)、重度16人(0.81%)。发生率前5位的围绝经期症状依次是性生活问题(44.50%)、失眠(38.11%)、潮热出汗(35.53%)、疲乏(31.52%)和情绪激动(28.23%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄增加(OR:1.277~3.237)、月经周期不规律(OR:2.002~2.160)、绝经(OR:2.807~2.263)、痛经(OR:1.310~1.527)、月收入低(OR:1.538~3.150)和自评体质差(OR:1.704~5.404)是围绝经期症状发生的危险因素,适当运动是保护因素(OR:0.586~0.930)。78.10%的调查对象是从媒体、朋友、同事等渠道获取围绝经期相关知识,仅2.23%对围绝经期保健知识达到“了解”程度,80.39%认为围绝经期症状无需治疗。结论海盐县女性围绝经期症状发生率较高,且围绝经期相关知识知晓率低,应积极开展健康教育活动;年龄大、月经周期不规律、绝经、痛经、月收入低和体质差是围绝经期症状发生的危险因素。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of perimenopausal symptoms in women and provide the basis for the health guidance of perimenopausal women. METHODS: From 2015 to October 2016, women aged from 41 to 60 years of age at the gynecology clinic of the MCH hospital in Haiyan were enrolled. The improved Kupperman scale was used to evaluate the perimenopausal symptoms and analyze the influence of perimenopausal symptoms factor. Results A total of 1 973 women were surveyed, with an average of (48.4 ± 4.2) years. 1 353 (68.57%) had at least one perimenopausal symptom, of which 683 were mild (34.62%), 185 were moderate (9.38%) and 16 were severe (0.81%). The top five incidences of perimenopausal symptoms were sexual problems (44.50%), insomnia (38.11%), hot flashes (35.53%), fatigue (31.52%) and emotional disorders (28.23%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.277-3.237), irregular menstrual cycle (OR: 2.002-2.160), menopause (OR: 2.807-2.263), dysmenorrhea (OR: 1.310-1.527) OR: 1.538 ~ 3.150) and self-rated quality of life (OR: 1.704 ~ 5.404) were the risk factors for perimenopausal symptoms. Appropriate exercise was the protective factor (OR: 0.586-0.930). 78.10% of the respondents obtained perimenopausal knowledge from the media, friends and colleagues, and only 2.23% knew about perimenopausal knowledge and 80.39% thought they did not need treatment. Conclusion The incidence of peri-menopausal symptoms is high and the awareness rate of perimenopausal related knowledge is low in Haiyan County. Health education activities should be actively carried out. Age, menstrual cycle irregularity, menopause, dysmenorrhea, low monthly income and poor physical fitness Menopausal symptoms of risk factors.