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摘要从2010~2012年对曲阜市吴村镇峪口东村棕壤试验地3种土地利用类型下土壤有机碳进行研究,结果表明,表层土壤有机碳含量及碳密度高低为耕地>休耕地>荒地,耕作方式是耕地表层有机碳含量及有机碳密度较高的主要原因。试验区表层土壤有机碳密度在国内处于一般水平状态,在时间上试验区耕土壤有机碳呈长期稳定状态,休耕初始阶段则使土壤有机碳含量降低,荒地有机碳呈不规则波动状态。试验区土壤有机碳与人类活动影响下As等理化指标较强显著相关。
关键词曲阜;棕壤试验区;土壤有机碳;土地利用类型
中图分类号S153.6+1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08140-03
Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon in Three Kinds of Brown Soil in Qufu City
LIU Huafeng et al(Shandong Geological Survey Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250013)
AbstractThe organic carbon of brown soil under three land use types was studied in Yukou Village from 2010 to 2012. The results show that the surface soil organic carbon content and carbon density is: arable land> fallow> wasteland. Farming way is the main reason for the high content and organic carbon density in arable land. Compared with other domestic research, surface soil organic carbon density in the test area is at the general level status, and soil organic carbon in longterm stable state in the test zone. The initial stages of the fallow soil organic carbon content decreased, wasteland organic carbon fluctuated irregularly. Soil organic carbon is significantly associated with these indicators such as As which is under the impact of human activities.
Key wordsQufu City; Brown soil zone; Soil organic carbon; Land use types
土壤有机碳是土壤肥力的重要来源[1-2]。土壤有机碳的含量及其动态平衡直接影响土壤肥力和作物产量的高低[3]。研究表明,土壤有机碳在很大程度上影响着土壤结构的形成和稳定性、土壤的持水性能和植物营养的生物有效性以及土壤的缓冲性能和土壤生物多样性等一系列土壤过程[4-7]。近年来,国内外对土壤有机碳的研究已成为热点。人们对区域性和全球性土壤有机碳储量的研究也愈趋广泛和深入,其中主要针对土壤有机碳库和固碳潜力研究较前沿。棕壤是山东省面积较大的土壤类型之一。笔者基于棕壤试验区不同土地利用下进行土壤有机碳研究。
1材料与方法
1.1研究区概况棕壤试验区位于山东省曲阜市吴村镇峪口东村,地理范围为E 117°00′26.6″~117°00′28.2″, N 35°45′41.2″~35°45′50.0″。地质背景为第四系山前组,地貌类型为平原,气候为温暖带大陆性季风气候,年平均气温13.6 ℃,年平均降水量666 mm。社会经济以农业生产和旅游为主,耕作方式为一年两季,秋玉米与夏小麦轮作。
在研究區布设耕地、休耕地和荒地3种土地利用类型(1)曲阜棕壤试验区表层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度在不同土地利用类型下状况为荒地>耕地>休耕地。这与大部分学者研究一致。与国内其他研究相比,试验区有机碳含量、密度处于一般水平状态。
(2)在时间进程上,试验区耕地土壤有机碳呈长期稳定状态,休耕地呈逐渐增长趋势,而荒地则反映了自然条件下无规律的波动状态。
(3)相关系数表明,试验区土壤有机碳与人类活动影响的理化指标As、Cr、Zn、N等显著性相关,揭示了人类活动带来的元素对表层土壤有机碳含量有着一定的影响。
参考文献
[1] KONONOVA M M.Soil prganic matter,it’s nature,it’s role in soil formation and in fertility [M].London:Perganon Press,1964:5220.
[2] 邓方刚,吴蔚东,陈明智,等.土地利用方式及母质对土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1130-1134.
[3] DORAN J W,JONES A J,ARSHAD M A,et al.Determinants of soil quality and health:Soil quality and soil erosion [M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1999:17-36.
[4] LAL R,LOGAN T J,FAUSEY N R.Long term tillage effects on Mollic Ochraqualf in northwestern Ohio soil nutrient profile [J].Soil Tillage Research,1990,15:371-382. [5] TRUJILLO W,AMEZQUITA E,FISHER M J,et al.Soil organic carbon dynamics and land use in the Colobian savannas I,aggregate size distribution[M]//LAL R.Soil processes and the carbon cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:267-280.
[6] KARLEN D L,ROSEK M J,GARDNER J C,et al.Conservation reserve program effects on soil quality in dicators [J ].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,54(1):439-444.
[7] JEFFEY E H,MICHELLE M W.Relationship s between soil organic carbonand soil quality in cropped and range land soils:the importantce of distribution,composition and soil biological activity[M]//LAL R.Soilp rocesses and the carbon cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:405-425.
[8] 奚小環,杨忠芳,夏学齐,等.基于多目标区域地球化学调查的中国土壤碳储量计算方法研究[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):194-205.
[9] 姜勇,庄新丽,梁文举,等.农田生态系统土壤有机碳库及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2):278-285.
[10] 王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.
[11] 许泉,芮雯奕,何航,等.不同利用方式下中国农田土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2505-2510.
[12] 于东升,史学正,孙维侠,等.基于100万土壤数据库的中国土壤有机碳密度及储量研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(21):2279-2283.
[13] 王小利,段建军,郭胜利.黄土丘陵区小流域表层土壤的有机碳密度及其空间分布[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(10):98-102.
[14] 于建军,杨锋,吴克宁,等.河南土壤有机碳储量及空间分布[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1058-1063.
[15] 张保华,张金萍,刘子亭,等.山东省土壤有机碳密度和储量估算[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1030-1033.
[16] 周莉,李保国,周广胜.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005(1):99-105.
[17] ANDERSON D W,COLEMAN D C.The dynamics of organic matter in grassland soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Cons,1985,40:211-216.
[18] JANZEN H H,CAMPBELL C A,GREGORICH E G,et al.Soil carbon dynamics in Canadian agroecosystems [M]//LAL R.Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:57- 80.
[19] LAL R,FOLLETT R F,KIMBLE J,et al.Management U.S.cropland to sequester carbon in soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Cons,1999,54(1):374-381.
[20] SIX,JOGLES M,BREITF J,et al.The potential to mitigate global warming with netillage management is only realized when practiced in the long term [J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:155-160.
关键词曲阜;棕壤试验区;土壤有机碳;土地利用类型
中图分类号S153.6+1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)24-08140-03
Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon in Three Kinds of Brown Soil in Qufu City
LIU Huafeng et al(Shandong Geological Survey Institute, Jinan, Shandong 250013)
AbstractThe organic carbon of brown soil under three land use types was studied in Yukou Village from 2010 to 2012. The results show that the surface soil organic carbon content and carbon density is: arable land> fallow> wasteland. Farming way is the main reason for the high content and organic carbon density in arable land. Compared with other domestic research, surface soil organic carbon density in the test area is at the general level status, and soil organic carbon in longterm stable state in the test zone. The initial stages of the fallow soil organic carbon content decreased, wasteland organic carbon fluctuated irregularly. Soil organic carbon is significantly associated with these indicators such as As which is under the impact of human activities.
Key wordsQufu City; Brown soil zone; Soil organic carbon; Land use types
土壤有机碳是土壤肥力的重要来源[1-2]。土壤有机碳的含量及其动态平衡直接影响土壤肥力和作物产量的高低[3]。研究表明,土壤有机碳在很大程度上影响着土壤结构的形成和稳定性、土壤的持水性能和植物营养的生物有效性以及土壤的缓冲性能和土壤生物多样性等一系列土壤过程[4-7]。近年来,国内外对土壤有机碳的研究已成为热点。人们对区域性和全球性土壤有机碳储量的研究也愈趋广泛和深入,其中主要针对土壤有机碳库和固碳潜力研究较前沿。棕壤是山东省面积较大的土壤类型之一。笔者基于棕壤试验区不同土地利用下进行土壤有机碳研究。
1材料与方法
1.1研究区概况棕壤试验区位于山东省曲阜市吴村镇峪口东村,地理范围为E 117°00′26.6″~117°00′28.2″, N 35°45′41.2″~35°45′50.0″。地质背景为第四系山前组,地貌类型为平原,气候为温暖带大陆性季风气候,年平均气温13.6 ℃,年平均降水量666 mm。社会经济以农业生产和旅游为主,耕作方式为一年两季,秋玉米与夏小麦轮作。
在研究區布设耕地、休耕地和荒地3种土地利用类型(1)曲阜棕壤试验区表层土壤有机碳含量、碳密度在不同土地利用类型下状况为荒地>耕地>休耕地。这与大部分学者研究一致。与国内其他研究相比,试验区有机碳含量、密度处于一般水平状态。
(2)在时间进程上,试验区耕地土壤有机碳呈长期稳定状态,休耕地呈逐渐增长趋势,而荒地则反映了自然条件下无规律的波动状态。
(3)相关系数表明,试验区土壤有机碳与人类活动影响的理化指标As、Cr、Zn、N等显著性相关,揭示了人类活动带来的元素对表层土壤有机碳含量有着一定的影响。
参考文献
[1] KONONOVA M M.Soil prganic matter,it’s nature,it’s role in soil formation and in fertility [M].London:Perganon Press,1964:5220.
[2] 邓方刚,吴蔚东,陈明智,等.土地利用方式及母质对土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(3):1130-1134.
[3] DORAN J W,JONES A J,ARSHAD M A,et al.Determinants of soil quality and health:Soil quality and soil erosion [M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1999:17-36.
[4] LAL R,LOGAN T J,FAUSEY N R.Long term tillage effects on Mollic Ochraqualf in northwestern Ohio soil nutrient profile [J].Soil Tillage Research,1990,15:371-382. [5] TRUJILLO W,AMEZQUITA E,FISHER M J,et al.Soil organic carbon dynamics and land use in the Colobian savannas I,aggregate size distribution[M]//LAL R.Soil processes and the carbon cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:267-280.
[6] KARLEN D L,ROSEK M J,GARDNER J C,et al.Conservation reserve program effects on soil quality in dicators [J ].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,54(1):439-444.
[7] JEFFEY E H,MICHELLE M W.Relationship s between soil organic carbonand soil quality in cropped and range land soils:the importantce of distribution,composition and soil biological activity[M]//LAL R.Soilp rocesses and the carbon cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:405-425.
[8] 奚小環,杨忠芳,夏学齐,等.基于多目标区域地球化学调查的中国土壤碳储量计算方法研究[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):194-205.
[9] 姜勇,庄新丽,梁文举,等.农田生态系统土壤有机碳库及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2):278-285.
[10] 王绍强,周成虎,李克让,等.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.
[11] 许泉,芮雯奕,何航,等.不同利用方式下中国农田土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2505-2510.
[12] 于东升,史学正,孙维侠,等.基于100万土壤数据库的中国土壤有机碳密度及储量研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(21):2279-2283.
[13] 王小利,段建军,郭胜利.黄土丘陵区小流域表层土壤的有机碳密度及其空间分布[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2007,35(10):98-102.
[14] 于建军,杨锋,吴克宁,等.河南土壤有机碳储量及空间分布[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1058-1063.
[15] 张保华,张金萍,刘子亭,等.山东省土壤有机碳密度和储量估算[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1030-1033.
[16] 周莉,李保国,周广胜.土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005(1):99-105.
[17] ANDERSON D W,COLEMAN D C.The dynamics of organic matter in grassland soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Cons,1985,40:211-216.
[18] JANZEN H H,CAMPBELL C A,GREGORICH E G,et al.Soil carbon dynamics in Canadian agroecosystems [M]//LAL R.Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1997:57- 80.
[19] LAL R,FOLLETT R F,KIMBLE J,et al.Management U.S.cropland to sequester carbon in soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Cons,1999,54(1):374-381.
[20] SIX,JOGLES M,BREITF J,et al.The potential to mitigate global warming with netillage management is only realized when practiced in the long term [J].Global Change Biology,2004,10:155-160.