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混龄教育是蒙台梭利教育的主要教学组织形式。近年来我国的理论研究和实践探索发现,其面临的重大挑战是课程设置问题。笔者在以蒙氏混龄教育为特色的H幼儿园A混龄班上进行为期一周的班级活动观察,并对该班的周活动计划进行分析,从中归纳出该班混龄课程的特点,发现存在课程难以体现异龄互动、课程实施易出现年龄和能力“分层”、多层次课程目标难以制定、教师缺少对幼儿合作性和差异性进行指导、课程评价难以科学地开展等问题,由此提出如下应对思路:将游戏与蒙氏教学结合起来,创造混龄互动机会,对混龄组织进行合理引导与安排,注重课程目标的整体性和差异性,转变指导理念,提高观察和指导能力,注重真实情境中的过程性评价。
Mixed-age education is the main teaching organization of Montessori education. In recent years, our theoretical research and practical exploration have found that the major challenge we face is the issue of curriculum. The author observed a week-long class activity on a mixed-age class A in H nursery with Montessori mixed-age education, and analyzed the weekly activity plan of the class and summarized the characteristics of the mixed-age class and found the existence Difficult to embody the curriculum of different ages interaction, the implementation of the curriculum prone to age and ability “stratification ”, difficult to develop multi-level curriculum objectives, teachers lack of coaching and differentiation of children’s guidance, curriculum evaluation difficult to carry out scientific and other issues, from This puts forward the following countermeasures: combining the game with Montessori teaching, creating opportunities for mixed-age interaction, reasonable guidance and arrangement for mixed-age organizations, focusing on the integrity and diversity of curricular objectives, changing the guiding ideology, and improving the ability of observation and guidance , Focusing on the process of real evaluation of the situation.