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目的:调查北京市城区正常幼儿语法发育水平,了解幼儿语法发育的趋势和特点,以便有针对性地对父母提供指导。方法:采用现况定量研究方法。用多阶段分层不等比例抽样方法在北京4个城区中的2个区抽取样本。用“中文早期语言与沟通发展量表”及个人背景问卷,对北京城区1056名16~30个月幼儿母亲或养护人进行面对面问卷调查。用中位数、均数描述幼儿语法发育趋势和特点,用两样本成组秩和检验比较男女童语法发育水平。结果:调查地区16~30个月龄正常幼儿会说语法表达结构中位数随月龄呈直线上升趋势。平均会说语法表达结构得分由16个月时的5分增加到24个月的67分,30个月时达91分。30个月时幼儿会说的语法表达结构已占量表表达结构总分的90%。儿童早期语法发育有较大的个体差异,月龄越小,个体差异越大。结论:女童在23个月前、男童在25个月前是语法发育的快速期和关键期。儿童早期语法发育有较大的个体差异。
Objective: To investigate the normal children’s grammar development in urban areas of Beijing, and to understand the trends and characteristics of children’s grammar development in order to provide guidance to parents in a targeted manner. Methods: Using the current quantitative research methods. Samples were taken in two of the four districts in Beijing using multistage stratified unequal sampling. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among 1056 16 to 30 month-old mothers or caregivers in Beijing urban area using the “Chinese Early Language and Communication Scale” and the Personal Background Questionnaire. Describe the trends and characteristics of preschool children’s grammar development by means of median and mean, and compare the grammar developmental levels of boys and girls with the two sample group rank sum tests. Results: The median of grammatical expression structure in normal children aged 16-30 months showed a linear upward trend with age. The average speaking grammatical structure score increased from 5 at 16 months to 67 at 24 months and 91 at 30 months. At 30 months, the grammatical expression structure that toddlers would say accounts for 90% of the total score expression structure. Early childhood grammar development has greater individual differences, younger age, the greater the individual differences. Conclusion: Girls 23 months ago, boys 25 months ago is the rapid development of grammar and critical period. Early childhood grammar development has a greater individual differences.