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在果实发育早期进行节水栽培,可以改变植物的生理生化过程,调节光合产物在不同器官之间的分配,控制树体过旺生长,实现矮化密植,达到提高水肥利用效率,保证一定的产量和改善品质的目的。这种需水非关键期节水栽培方式不但满足了果树需水要求,而且可大量节约用水,对农业的可持续发展具有深远的意义。1 需水非关键期节水栽培对营养生长的影响1.1 茎干的加粗生长首先,水分胁迫对果树营养生长的影响最先表现出来的是抑制茎干的加粗生长,抑制作用也较其他营养器官强得多,且在水分胁迫解除后,抑制作用仍然要持续相当长的一段时间,即具有后效作用。但茎干和枝条的延长生长在水分胁迫解除后就基本可以恢复,其后效作用和补偿生长都不明显。Li等对一年生盆栽桃树进行水分胁迫处理,直至气孔关闭才进行灌溉,结果其茎干的加粗生长完全受到抑制,但枝梢的延长生长仍可达到对照树的60%,而其叶片的扩
Water-saving cultivation in the early fruit development can change the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, regulate the distribution of photosynthetic products in different organs, control over-growth of trees and achieve dwarf and close planting, so as to increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization and ensure a certain yield And improve the quality of the purpose. This water-saving non-critical water-saving cultivation mode not only meets the fruit tree water requirements, but also a large number of water conservation, sustainable development of agriculture has far-reaching significance. 1 water non-critical period of water-saving cultivation on vegetative growth 1.1 bold stem growth First of all, the impact of water stress on the vegetative growth of fruit trees first showed inhibition of bold stem growth, the inhibitory effect than other The vegetative organs are much stronger, and after the water stress is relieved, the inhibition still lasts for a long period of time, that is, has an after-effect. However, the prolonged growth of stems and shoots could be basically recovered after the water stress was relieved, and neither the after-effect effect nor the compensatory growth was obvious. Li and other perennial potted plants under water stress treatment, until the stomatal closure was irrigated, the results of stem thick growth was completely inhibited, but the extension of shoots can still reach 60% of the control tree, and its leaves Expand