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文化一词由来久远,英文为Culture,源自拉丁文Cultura,意思是耕作、培养、教育、发展、尊重等。以往人们大都取的是文治教化之意,与现代意义上的文化词义相关,但不完全相同。在十八世纪以后的西方社会中,文化词义逐渐演化为个人和民族的知识、思想、精神素养、文学、艺术、学术作品的汇集,乃至一定时代、一定地区的全部社会生活内容。人终究不是一个被动、消极、纯粹吸收知识的个体,总是要在实践中主动地、批判性地面对文化,接受文化。更重要的是,文化的传递过程也并非是原封不动生吞活剥地进行的,在文化传递过程中,由于人这个具有能动性个体的参与,文化总是在不断地被改组和重建,当我们吸收它并内化为自己所有时,也许,文化已失去了它原来的某些特性。因为,“文化传递事实上也是一种文化内涵化,即系统地重组,这种选择与重组既包括原有文化要素的选择组合,同时又包涵了自己的理解与判断,从而导致整个系统发生不同性质的变化。”通过人们思维的加工就能使人预测到或发现某种新文化。
The term culture has a long history. The English is Culture, derived from Latin Cultura, which means cultivation, cultivation, education, development, respect and so on. In the past, most people took the meanings of cultural enlightenment and related to the meaning of culture in the modern sense, but not exactly the same. In the Western society after the eighteenth century, the meaning of culture gradually evolved into the personal, national knowledge, ideas, spiritual accomplishments, collections of literature, art, and academic works, and even the entire social life of certain regions and regions. After all, a person is not a passive, passive, purely absorbed knowledge of the individual, always in practice, proactive, critical face of culture, accept the culture. More importantly, the process of cultural transmission is not carried out intact. In the course of cultural transmission, culture is constantly being reorganized and rebuilt due to the participation of an active individual as a human being. As we absorb it And internalized as their own all, perhaps, culture has lost some of its original features. Because “cultural transmission is actually a kind of cultural connotation, that is, systematically reorganization. This choice and reorganization includes both the selection and combination of the original cultural elements as well as their own understanding and judgment, which leads to the occurrence of the entire system Changes of different nature. ”" The processing of people’s thinking can make people predict or discover some kind of new culture.