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从十八世纪自然壮观(sublime)理论淡出主流美学理论以来,自然壮观就受到了三个方面的质疑和批评:第一,历史发展使得自然壮观体验不再重要;第二,美学取消主义对壮观体验的形而上学因素的批评;第三,自然壮观的人类中心主义立场。本文系统回应了这三种质疑和批评,考察了自然壮观与环境伦理学的关联,并指出自然壮观的价值在于突显了人类介入自然时的一种独特的紧张审美,以及其中蕴含的美学—道德关系。它体现了人类面临自然的威胁和压迫时,在谦虚与对人类自身的肯定之间取得平衡的一种美学回应形式,也表达了一种更具挑战性的环境体验,为人类敬畏和尊重自然的道德态度提供了一种可能的基础。
Since the eighteenth century natural sublime theory faded out of the mainstream aesthetic theory, natural spectacle has been questioned and criticized in three aspects: first, the historical development makes the natural spectacular experience no longer important; second, the aesthetic abolitionist view of the spectacular Third, the natural and magnificent anthropocentrism standpoint. This paper systematically responds to these three kinds of questions and criticisms, examines the relationship between natural spectacle and environmental ethics, and points out that the spectacular value of nature lies in highlighting the unique aesthetic tension of the human being when intervening in nature and the aesthetic-moral relationship. It embodies an aesthetical form of human response that balances modesty and affirmation of humankind in the face of natural threats and oppression, and expresses a more challenging environmental experience that awe and respect for nature The moral attitude provides a possible basis.