孔子通常被当作典范来描绘,他的画像并不在于给人美感,而是要表达文人精英阶层对他的尊敬以及自我修养。近几个世纪所流行的很多孔子画像可以被追溯到宋朝时期,并在阴刻石碑和雕版印刷书籍中广泛出现。这些画像对孔子进行了多方位的描绘。呆板的正面图像或雕像通常被用于寺庙里的仪式,尤其被用来体现孔子谥为“文宣王”的地位。其他画像则表现他在一生中所担任过的不同职位,包括地方官(宰)、司法长官(司寇)以及教师。这些更为自然的描绘通 Confucius is usually portrayed as a model, his portrait is not to give a sense of beauty, but to express the literati elite respect for him and self-cultivation. Many Confucius portraits popular in recent centuries can be traced back to the Song dynasty and were widely found in stone inscriptions and engravings. These portraits give a multi-faceted portrait of Confucius. Rough frontal images or statues are often used in rituals in temples and are used, in particular, to show Confucius’s position as a “king of prosecutions.” Other portraits show the different positions he has held throughout his life, including district governors (slaves), magistrates (divisions), and teachers. These are more natural portraits