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目的调查烟台市无偿献血者抗-HIV检测情况,为采供血机构开展合理有效的无偿献血宣传、招募、体检征询等方面工作提供参考依据。方法收集烟台市2003年7月-2013年6月无偿献血者449 944份血液标本,用2种不同厂家的试剂进行酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)初筛,初筛阳性标本送烟台市疾病预防控制中心,用蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)进行确认。结果 2003年7月-2013年6月烟台市献血者抗-HIV初筛阳性528例,初筛阳性率为0.1173%;确认阳性27例,确认阳性率为0.0060%;前7年平均确认阳性率为0.0037%,比较稳定,后3年平均确认阳性率增长为0.0099%,呈明显上升趋势。感染者主要为男性,有低龄化趋势,职业分布更加多样化,以献血方式进行免费查体的人员增多。结论为了有效保障血液安全,应该加强对献血人群,特别是对青年男性的宣传教育,建立有效甄别HIV感染高危行为献血者的前端咨询程序,改进和提高血液筛查技术,从而降低经血传播疾病的风险。
Objective To investigate the anti-HIV status of unpaid blood donors in Yantai City, and to provide a reference for the blood donation and blood donation agencies to carry out reasonable and effective blood donation, recruitment and medical consultation. Methods Blood samples were collected from 449 944 unpaid blood donors from July 2003 to June 2013 in Yantai City. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out with two kinds of reagents from different manufacturers, and the positive specimens were initially screened for disease prevention in Yantai Control Center, confirmed by Western blotting (WB). Results From July 2003 to June 2013, 528 anti-HIV positive samples were obtained from blood donors in Yantai. The positive rate of primary screening was 0.1173%. The positive rate was 0.0060% in 27 cases. The average positive rate of positive rate in the first 7 years 0.0037%, relatively stable, after 3 years the average confirmed positive rate increased 0.0099%, showed a clear upward trend. Mainly infected men, with the trend of younger age, more diversified occupational distribution, blood donation method for free physical examination increased. Conclusions In order to effectively ensure blood safety, publicity and education should be strengthened for blood donors, especially for young men, to establish a front-end consultation program to effectively screen donors at high risk of HIV infection, to improve and enhance blood screening techniques to reduce the risk of blood-borne diseases risk.