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本文总结了某些 X 线检查的剂量测量和同类性质的核医学检查的估算剂量。资料表明,毫无例外,放射性同位素检查比 X 线检查给病人造成的剂量要高。作者观察了118例病人,年龄5～10岁,这些病人都做过胸部、肾盂造影、颅骨、骨年龄或心脏 X线检查。检查是用 Seimens 5S 型三向放射造影装置在输出量强度为2.6毫伦/毫安·秒40秒钟,70千伏的条件下进行的。半价层是4.0毫米的铝。检查时将5个热释光剂量计(TLD-100)分别放在下述局部位置上:入射皮肤表面,出射皮肤表面,甲状腺和性腺;当性腺被屏蔽时,剂量计放在屏蔽物和病人之间。由于儿科放射性同位素检查时剂量的直接测量是不可能的。因此,这些数值采用 MIRD 提供的体重为20公斤的5岁儿童的计算图和我们实验室假定的临床技术特性进行估计的。表1总结了代表每一种检查类型主要的 X 线和放射性同位素级分。检查结果列于表2。
This paper summarizes the dose estimates for certain X-ray exams and nuclear medicine exams of the same nature. Data show that, without exception, radioisotopes X-ray examination to patients caused by higher doses. The authors looked at 118 patients, ages 5 to 10, who underwent thoracic, pyelography, skull, bone age, or X-ray examination. The examination was performed using a Seimens 5S three-way radiography apparatus at an output intensity of 2.6 milliamperes per milli-second for 40 seconds at 70 kilovolts. The half price layer is 4.0mm aluminum. Five thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100) were placed on the following local locations during examination: incident skin surface, exiting skin surface, thyroid gland and gonads; when gonads were shielded, the dosimeter was placed on the shield and the patient between. Due to the direct measurement of doses at pediatric radioisotopes it is not possible. Therefore, these values were estimated using a calculated chart of 5-year-old children weighing 20 kg provided by MIRD and the clinical technical characteristics assumed by our laboratory. Table 1 summarizes the major X-ray and radioisotopic fractions that represent each type of examination. The test results are shown in Table 2.