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针对学界在马克思研究资本的方法问题上存在的大而欠“当”等现象,文章基于马克思文本突出以下三个主要方法:一是“普照的光”法,即居“普照的光”位置的生产方式法;二是“肯定—否定”法,即“对每一种现存事物的肯定的理解中同时包含着对现存事物的否定的理解”法;三是“抽象—具体”法,即“从抽象上升到具体的方法”。其中,“普照的光”法属于马克思在研究社会(历史)科学的方法中所实现的一个原创,是马克思对黑格尔哲学遗产在方法论上的历史性突破;“肯定—否定”法、“抽象—具体”法则属于马克思扬弃黑格尔哲学成果的结晶。
In view of the phenomena such as “big and owed” “when” and so on in the method of Marx’s study of capital in academic circles, the article highlights the following three main methods based on the Marxist text: First, the “shining light” method, that is, The second is the “affirmative-negative” method, that is, the positive comprehension of each existing thing contains the negative comprehension of the existing things. Is the “abstract-specific” method, that is, “from abstract to concrete method”. Among them, the law of “shining light” belongs to an original created by Marx in the study of social (historical) science and is a historic breakthrough in methodology of Marx’s Hegelian philosophy. “” Positive-negative “ The ”law,“ ”abstract-specific" law belongs to the crystallization of Marx’s achievement of Hegel’s philosophy.