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组织自然课的教学过程应该遵循反映教学规律的教学原则。古今中外教学理论中阐述的教学原则体系繁多,现代著名的就有美国布鲁纳的动机、结构、程序和知道结果等四个原则;前苏联巴班斯基的教学教育过程最优化的十大原则;还有我国吴杰提出的十二条基本教学原则。(吴杰著《教学论》第396页)这些原则适用中小学各门学科,对每门具体学科来说,针对性和操作性比较弱,不易发挥教学中的指导作用。我们学习、比较、借鉴这些一般的教学原则,结合自己多年的教学实践,提炼出适用于自然学科的组织教学过程的四个原则。
The teaching process of organizing natural classes should follow the teaching principle reflecting the teaching rules. There are many teaching principles elaborated in the teaching theories at all times and in all countries. There are four principles in the modern famous such as Bruner's motivation, structure, procedure and knowing the result; the top ten in the process of teaching and education in former Soviet UnionBabansiji Principle; as well as China's Wu Jie proposed 12 basic teaching principles. (Wu Jie, “Teaching” p. 396) These principles apply to all subjects of primary and secondary schools, each specific subject, pertinence and operability is relatively weak, difficult to play a guiding role in teaching. We learn, compare, learn from these general principles of teaching, combined with our many years of teaching practice, extract the four principles applicable to the organization of natural science teaching process.