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读后续写要求考生阅读一篇记叙文后,根据故事发展的脉络,进行文章故事发展的续写。本文着重谈谈如何在日常的学习中,积累素材,把握套路,应对读后续写。
一、有效阅读原文,提取重要信息
记叙类文章通常以时间为顺序,用直观、形象的语言描述人物故事或事情经过。考生在阅读的过程中,要理清原文的思路和关注故事的要素,如时间、人物、地点、事情,理清事情发展的脉络。在此基础上,考生根据逻辑,充分展开想象,发散性思维对故事进行续写。续写的故事必须符合逻辑,有着积极的思想意义。若能给故事一个意想不到的结尾,将会加深阅卷老师的印象,更有可能获取高分。写作时,要特别注意文章的时态,故事类文章一般叙述已经发生的故事。若原文使用的是一般过去时,在续写时也应该保持和原文一致的时态。
此外,要理解人物关系和人物之间的对话。为了使表达简练、生动和行文流畅,记叙文多使用代词替代前文出现的人物或事情,对话中有时也没有明确列出说话人的名字。考生需要根据事情发展,通过逻辑、因果关系判断指代关系和对话所属。而在续写部分,考生要清晰地说明某人做了什么事情,在不重复表达的前提下,可多运用实词,避免过多使用代词导致含糊不清、指代不明。假设要描述故事主人公John,不宜通篇使用John或者he,可以根据故事情节、人物特点等,变换表达称呼主人公,如John, the smart boy, the leader(人物在故事中的身份地位), he等词替换使用,丰富文章,避免单一枯燥。
二、高效积累,有效备考
在日常的阅读中,考生可多留意故事类文章的表达,提前做好归纳积累,以备读后续写之用。读后续写给予考生很大的发展空间,因此在续写的过程中,考生可以有效运用日常积累中的好词好句,只要情节合理、思想积极便可。以下归纳常见的故事类写作的用语:
1. 天气、景物描写(以衬托故事背景和人物心情)。如:
rainy, cloudy, windy, freezing cold, the bitter weather等。
The extreme weather put them at risk.
The beautiful sky was dotted with stars.
The trees are coated with snow.
With dark clouds hanging low, she could barely make out her father lying on his back, trapped under the truck.
2. 人物心情描寫。
(1)to one’s n. 结构。如:
to one’s(great) surprise / amazement / delight / embarrassment / disappointment
(2)so adj./ adv. that句型。如:
He was so scared that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
(3)adj. enough to do sth句型。如:
Bob was confident enough to solve all the problems by himself.
(4)be overwhelmed with n.(joy / sorrow / frustration)短语。
(5)与人物外表相关的词汇。如:
pretty, beautiful, handsome, good-looking, elegant, attractive, charming, plain, ugly, tall, short, plump, overweight, thin, slim, smart, strong, weak, shy, be of medium height, wear long hair, wear a pair of glasses, be well /neatly / poorly dressed, be in rags, be dressed in等。
(6)与人物心情相关的词汇。如:
happy, satisfied, content, contented, delighted, thrilled, excited, disappointed, frustrated, depressed, frightened, scared, surprised, amazed, astonished, be cast down, with a surprised/ disappointed look, the determined look on one’s face, feel regretful, feel a sense of(regret, accomplishment, achievement), be tired out, be worn out, be exhausted, do sth. out of curiosity/ respect等。
My heart was beating fast.
The poor girl was at a loss what to do with the threat.
(7)与人物品性相关的词汇。如:
honest, modest, responsible, humorous, helpful, friendly, hospitable, kind, kind-hearted, generous, smart, diligent, hard-working, trustworthy, reliable, sincere, thoughtful, ambitions, aggressive, brave, courageous, active, passive, patient, impatient optimistic, pessimistic, dependent, independent, mean, greedy, selfish, shy等。 以上对人物的描写,可以换用with n. 结构。如:
be honest = be a person with honesty
3. 人物动作描写。
(1)多积累同类动作的不同表达,在写作时选择最合适的用词。如:
接近:approach, get close to
赶上:catch up with, keep pace with
追跑:run, dash, race, chase
看:glare, stare, glance, gaze
放置:put, place, position, locate
哭笑:smile, laugh, burst into laughter / tears, burst out laughing / crying, cry, weep, sob
回答:shout, answer, reply, add(补充说到),
行走:walk, step, pace
完成:finish, accomplish, undertake, achieve
挽救:rescue, come to one’s rescue
引起注意:catch / arrest /capture one’s attention
流泪:
Tears were blinding me.
Tears well up in one’s eyes.
Tears roll down on one’s cheeks.
(2)使用副词或“with n.”的状语结构进一步描写人物行为动作。如:
sigh with relief, reply with a smile, tremble with terror,
David carefully positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf.
David positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf with care.
4. 故事思想意义。
可以使用以下结构:
(1)强调句:It is 被强调部分 that 句子剩余部分。
通常强调句子主语部分,与人物精神、品质相关。如:
It is the leader’s wisdom that enabled all the fellows to arrive safely at the destination.
(2)It takes 抽象名词 to do sth句型。如:
It takes patience and courage to accomplish the task.
(3)熟记与人物成就相关的表达。如:
lift up one’s spirits, achieve one’s goal, realize one’s dream, overcome the difficulty, face the challenge / problem, shoulder one’s responsibility, show respect for sb., raise the efficiency, remain calm / optimistic, hold an optimistic attitude, spare no efforts to do / try one’s best to do / do one’s utmost to do sth., be lost in thought, be deep in thought
(4)积累有关动作、时间先后、引出故事起因发展、故事承启转折等短语和句型。如:
immediately, instantly, in no time, finally, eventually, luckily, unluckily, fortunately, unfortunately, better still, worse still, the other day, several days ago, in the days that followed, There was a time when ... , It was the first time that sb. had done, The moment/The minute/ The instance ... , as soon as, be about to do ... when, be on the point of doing ... when, It was not long before ... , It turned out that ... , end up doing sth., in spite of, regardless of, despite
5. 積累其他优美句子。如:
Curiosity drove him into the room.
Out went the lady.(全倒装)
In vain did he scare away the fierce animal.
Though caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still progressed with all our strength. Eventually, our efforts paid off.
三、勤练习,培养信心
考生首先要克服对该题型的恐惧,并通过不断的练习来提高写作的熟练程度。在遇到故事类文章的时候,可以口头续写该文。例如,高考口语考试PART C部分就是对故事的复述,考生在完成复述后,可以继续以此故事为依据,口头续写故事。在阅读课文时,也可以对课文里的故事进行续写。
重视积累,提前构思并熟悉套路,便可以快速掌握读后续写的技巧。养兵千日,用在一时。本文所涉及的表达,在阅读理解的文章也经常可见,因此建议考生要做英语学习的有心人,分门别类地积累故事类写作中常用的套路。写作时,优先考虑平时的积累,使用积累去套用考场上遇到的文章,而并非遇到每一篇新的文章,都临场构思新的表达。提前积累,做好准备,考场上便可以提高效率,更好地润色文章,轻易争取高分。
责任编辑 蒋小青
一、有效阅读原文,提取重要信息
记叙类文章通常以时间为顺序,用直观、形象的语言描述人物故事或事情经过。考生在阅读的过程中,要理清原文的思路和关注故事的要素,如时间、人物、地点、事情,理清事情发展的脉络。在此基础上,考生根据逻辑,充分展开想象,发散性思维对故事进行续写。续写的故事必须符合逻辑,有着积极的思想意义。若能给故事一个意想不到的结尾,将会加深阅卷老师的印象,更有可能获取高分。写作时,要特别注意文章的时态,故事类文章一般叙述已经发生的故事。若原文使用的是一般过去时,在续写时也应该保持和原文一致的时态。
此外,要理解人物关系和人物之间的对话。为了使表达简练、生动和行文流畅,记叙文多使用代词替代前文出现的人物或事情,对话中有时也没有明确列出说话人的名字。考生需要根据事情发展,通过逻辑、因果关系判断指代关系和对话所属。而在续写部分,考生要清晰地说明某人做了什么事情,在不重复表达的前提下,可多运用实词,避免过多使用代词导致含糊不清、指代不明。假设要描述故事主人公John,不宜通篇使用John或者he,可以根据故事情节、人物特点等,变换表达称呼主人公,如John, the smart boy, the leader(人物在故事中的身份地位), he等词替换使用,丰富文章,避免单一枯燥。
二、高效积累,有效备考
在日常的阅读中,考生可多留意故事类文章的表达,提前做好归纳积累,以备读后续写之用。读后续写给予考生很大的发展空间,因此在续写的过程中,考生可以有效运用日常积累中的好词好句,只要情节合理、思想积极便可。以下归纳常见的故事类写作的用语:
1. 天气、景物描写(以衬托故事背景和人物心情)。如:
rainy, cloudy, windy, freezing cold, the bitter weather等。
The extreme weather put them at risk.
The beautiful sky was dotted with stars.
The trees are coated with snow.
With dark clouds hanging low, she could barely make out her father lying on his back, trapped under the truck.
2. 人物心情描寫。
(1)to one’s n. 结构。如:
to one’s(great) surprise / amazement / delight / embarrassment / disappointment
(2)so adj./ adv. that句型。如:
He was so scared that he didn’t dare to move an inch.
(3)adj. enough to do sth句型。如:
Bob was confident enough to solve all the problems by himself.
(4)be overwhelmed with n.(joy / sorrow / frustration)短语。
(5)与人物外表相关的词汇。如:
pretty, beautiful, handsome, good-looking, elegant, attractive, charming, plain, ugly, tall, short, plump, overweight, thin, slim, smart, strong, weak, shy, be of medium height, wear long hair, wear a pair of glasses, be well /neatly / poorly dressed, be in rags, be dressed in等。
(6)与人物心情相关的词汇。如:
happy, satisfied, content, contented, delighted, thrilled, excited, disappointed, frustrated, depressed, frightened, scared, surprised, amazed, astonished, be cast down, with a surprised/ disappointed look, the determined look on one’s face, feel regretful, feel a sense of(regret, accomplishment, achievement), be tired out, be worn out, be exhausted, do sth. out of curiosity/ respect等。
My heart was beating fast.
The poor girl was at a loss what to do with the threat.
(7)与人物品性相关的词汇。如:
honest, modest, responsible, humorous, helpful, friendly, hospitable, kind, kind-hearted, generous, smart, diligent, hard-working, trustworthy, reliable, sincere, thoughtful, ambitions, aggressive, brave, courageous, active, passive, patient, impatient optimistic, pessimistic, dependent, independent, mean, greedy, selfish, shy等。 以上对人物的描写,可以换用with n. 结构。如:
be honest = be a person with honesty
3. 人物动作描写。
(1)多积累同类动作的不同表达,在写作时选择最合适的用词。如:
接近:approach, get close to
赶上:catch up with, keep pace with
追跑:run, dash, race, chase
看:glare, stare, glance, gaze
放置:put, place, position, locate
哭笑:smile, laugh, burst into laughter / tears, burst out laughing / crying, cry, weep, sob
回答:shout, answer, reply, add(补充说到),
行走:walk, step, pace
完成:finish, accomplish, undertake, achieve
挽救:rescue, come to one’s rescue
引起注意:catch / arrest /capture one’s attention
流泪:
Tears were blinding me.
Tears well up in one’s eyes.
Tears roll down on one’s cheeks.
(2)使用副词或“with n.”的状语结构进一步描写人物行为动作。如:
sigh with relief, reply with a smile, tremble with terror,
David carefully positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf.
David positioned the cup on the edge of the shelf with care.
4. 故事思想意义。
可以使用以下结构:
(1)强调句:It is 被强调部分 that 句子剩余部分。
通常强调句子主语部分,与人物精神、品质相关。如:
It is the leader’s wisdom that enabled all the fellows to arrive safely at the destination.
(2)It takes 抽象名词 to do sth句型。如:
It takes patience and courage to accomplish the task.
(3)熟记与人物成就相关的表达。如:
lift up one’s spirits, achieve one’s goal, realize one’s dream, overcome the difficulty, face the challenge / problem, shoulder one’s responsibility, show respect for sb., raise the efficiency, remain calm / optimistic, hold an optimistic attitude, spare no efforts to do / try one’s best to do / do one’s utmost to do sth., be lost in thought, be deep in thought
(4)积累有关动作、时间先后、引出故事起因发展、故事承启转折等短语和句型。如:
immediately, instantly, in no time, finally, eventually, luckily, unluckily, fortunately, unfortunately, better still, worse still, the other day, several days ago, in the days that followed, There was a time when ... , It was the first time that sb. had done, The moment/The minute/ The instance ... , as soon as, be about to do ... when, be on the point of doing ... when, It was not long before ... , It turned out that ... , end up doing sth., in spite of, regardless of, despite
5. 積累其他优美句子。如:
Curiosity drove him into the room.
Out went the lady.(全倒装)
In vain did he scare away the fierce animal.
Though caught in the rain unexpectedly, we still progressed with all our strength. Eventually, our efforts paid off.
三、勤练习,培养信心
考生首先要克服对该题型的恐惧,并通过不断的练习来提高写作的熟练程度。在遇到故事类文章的时候,可以口头续写该文。例如,高考口语考试PART C部分就是对故事的复述,考生在完成复述后,可以继续以此故事为依据,口头续写故事。在阅读课文时,也可以对课文里的故事进行续写。
重视积累,提前构思并熟悉套路,便可以快速掌握读后续写的技巧。养兵千日,用在一时。本文所涉及的表达,在阅读理解的文章也经常可见,因此建议考生要做英语学习的有心人,分门别类地积累故事类写作中常用的套路。写作时,优先考虑平时的积累,使用积累去套用考场上遇到的文章,而并非遇到每一篇新的文章,都临场构思新的表达。提前积累,做好准备,考场上便可以提高效率,更好地润色文章,轻易争取高分。
责任编辑 蒋小青